On the role of entailment patterns and scalar implicatures in the processing of numerals.
On the role of entailment patterns and scalar implicatures in the processing of numerals.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2009.07.005
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Clifton, Charles, Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Panizza, Daniele;Chierchia, Gennaro;Clifton, Charles, Jr.
在语言学和心理语言学文献中，关于数字和表示数字的限定词(数词)的解释一直存在着很大的争论。这种争论尤其涉及上界(至少)解释与下界(准确)解释的性质和分布。在本文中，我们证明了数字的解释和处理受到其出现的语境的蕴涵性质的影响。实验1通过问卷调查建立了离线偏好。实验2通过使用静默阅读任务的眼动跟踪实验考察了加工问题。我们的结果表明，数字的上界解释在向上蕴涵的语境中比在向下蕴涵的语境中更常见。当数字被嵌入到向上蕴含的语境中时，它本身的阅读时间比没有被嵌入的时候要长，这表明当语境触发上限解释时，需要加工资源。然而，阅读需要上界解释的以下上下文时，当数字出现在向下牵连的语境中比在向上牵连的语境中时，会引发更多对数字的倒退。这些发现表明，说话人对数词的理解和加工受到其所在句子的极性的系统影响，并支持数词的上界解释是由于等级含义的假说。
There has been much debate, in both the linguistics and the psycholinguistics literature, concerning numbers and the interpretation of number denoting determiners ('numerals'). Such debate concerns, in particular, the nature and distribution of upper-bounded ('at-least') interpretations vs. lower-bounded ('exact') construals. In the present paper we show that the interpretation and processing of numerals are affected by the entailment properties of the context in which they occur. Experiment 1 established off-line preferences using a questionnaire. Experiment 2 investigated the processing issue through an eye tracking experiment using a silent reading task. Our results show that the upper-bounded interpretation of numerals occurs more often in an upward entailing context than in a downward entailing context. Reading times of the numeral itself were longer when it was embedded in an upward entailing context than when it was not, indicating that processing resources were required when the context triggered an upper-bounded interpretation. However, reading of a following context that required an upper-bounded interpretation triggered more regressions towards the numeral when it had occurred in a downward entailing context than in an upward entailing one. Such findings show that speakers' interpretation and processing of numerals is systematically affected by the polarity of the sentence in which they occur, and support the hypothesis that the upper-bounded interpretation of numerals is due to a scalar implicature.
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影响因子：
1.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1080/01690960444000250
发表时间：
2005-10-01
期刊：
LANGUAGE AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES
影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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