An experimental and clinical study of deafness from lesions of the cochlear nerve.
An experimental and clinical study of deafness from lesions of the cochlear nerve.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0022215100050465
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发表时间：
1955-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
WOELLNER, R C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
SCHUKNECHT, H F;WOELLNER, R C
1.方法对8只猫的每一只在无菌外科手术中破坏一只耳朵的连接。在直接可视化下，用探针压碎耳蜗壁并浸渍其内容物。在此过程之后，每只动物都遭受了剧烈的前庭不适，并在几周内逐渐消退。毫无疑问，这些耳朵的耳蜗功能被破坏了。然后，这些动物被训练在旋转的笼子里向前移动以避免电击，从而对纯音听觉刺激做出反应。使用这种条件反射作为听力指标，测定听力图。该方法在其他地方有详细描述（Schuknecht，1953 a），在获得每只动物的基线听力图后，进行手术部分切断耳蜗神经（见图1）。通过后颅窝入路，切除小脑半球的一部分，以暴露颞骨岩部的上级表面。在弧形隆起前内侧和内听道上级上方的椭圆形区域内，用小的牙弓切除骨。暴露面神经和前庭神经的上级分支。通过向前牵开面神经和向后牵开前庭神经的上级分支，可以在耳蜗神经进入蜗轴时暴露耳蜗神经。通过将针轻轻移动通过神经干的选定部分来部分切片耳蜗神经。将明胶海绵放置在小脑的创面上，将颞肌缝合在颅骨缺损上，并闭合头皮。所有动物术后5天肌肉注射青霉素。他们在六周到六个月的时间内被处死。在每种情况下，在处死动物之前，进行了一系列行为听力测试，以确定术后听阈。在处死的当天对其中三只动物进行了听觉功能的皮质测试。本试验方法
1. MethodFor each of eight cats the Junction of one ear was destroyed in a sterile surgical procedure. Under direct visualization the cochlear wall was crushed and its contents macerated with a probe. Following this procedure each animal suffered a violent vestibular upset which gradually subsided over a period of several weeks. There can be no doubt that cochlear function was destroyed in these ears. The animals were then trained to respond to pure-tone auditory stimuli by moving forward in a rotating cage to avoid shock.^ Audiograms were determined, using this conditioned response as an indicator of hearing. The method is described in detail elsewhere (Schuknecht, 1953a).After base-line audiograms had been obtained for each animal, a surgical procedure was performed to partially section the cochlear nerve (see Fig. 1). By an approach through the posterior cranial fossa, a portion of the cerebellar hemisphere was removed so as to expose the superior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. With small dental burrs the bone was removed in an oval area antero-medial to the arcuate eminence and immediately superior to the internal auditory canal. The facial nerve and the superior division of the vestibular nerve were exposed to view. By retracting the facial nerve anteriorly and the superior division• of the vestibular nerve posteriorly it was possible to expose the cochlear nerve as it entered the modiolus. The cochlear nerve was partially sectioned by gently moving a needle through a selected portion of the nerve trunk. Gelfoam was placed on the raw surface of the cerebellum, the temporalis muscle was sutured over the skull defect and the scalp was closed. All animals were given penicillin intramuscularly for five days postoperatively. They were^ acrinced at periods varying from six weeks to six jrionths. In each case, prior to sacrificing the animal, a series of behavioural hearing tests were made to establish the post-operative auditory threshold. Cortical tests of auditory function were performed on three of the animals on the day they were sacrificed. This test method has been