Boosting Reliability and Energy-Efficiency in Indoor LoRa
Boosting Reliability and Energy-Efficiency in Indoor LoRa
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DOI：
10.1145/3576842.3582327
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发表时间：
2023-05
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通讯作者：
Mahbubur Rahman;Abusayeed Saifullah
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作者：
Mahbubur Rahman;Abusayeed Saifullah
LORA(Long Range)是一种很有前途的通信技术，可以实现下一代室内物联网应用。然而，很少有研究分析它在室内的表现。此外，这些室内研究主要考察了网关接收分组的接收信号强度指示器(RSSI)和信噪比(SNR)，这可能不能揭示LORA及其MAC(介质访问控制)协议LoRaWAN在可靠性和能效方面的糟糕性能。在本文中，我们评估了LoRa广域网络的性能，并通过提出一种可有效用于室内部署的新的链路层协议Lorain(Lora Indoor Network)，利用其关键见解来提高室内环境的可靠性和能效。在Lorain中提高可靠性和能效的方法是通过为不同的信道带宽和扩展因子对实现具有特定定时要求的建设性干扰，并在几个升压节点的帮助下向终端设备转发宝贵的确认来支撑的。助力器节点不需要任何特殊能力，并且可以是LORA终端设备的子集。据我们所知，LORAIN是第一个用于提高室内LORA网络的可靠性和能效的协议。我们在一个由一个LoRa广域网关和20个LoRa广域网端设备组成的室内测试床上评估了它的性能。我们的广泛评估表明，当15%的终端设备作为升压节点运行时，网关的可靠性从62%提高到95%，终端设备的能效约为2.5倍。
LoRa (Long Range) is a promising communication technology for enabling the next-generation indoor Internet of Things applications. Very few studies, however, have analyzed its performance indoors. Besides, these indoor studies investigate mostly the RSSI (received signal strength indicator) and SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the received packets at the gateway, which, as we show, may not unfold the poor performance of LoRa and its MAC (medium access control) protocol – LoRaWAN – indoors in terms of reliability and energy-efficiency. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of LoRaWAN and use its key insights to boost the reliability and energy-efficiency in indoor environments by proposing LoRaIN (LoRa Indoor Network), a new link-layer protocol that can be effectively used for indoor deployments. The approach to boosting the reliability and energy-efficiency in LoRaIN is underpinned by enabling constructive interference with specific timing requirements for different pairs of channel bandwidth and spreading factor and relaying precious acknowledgments to the end-devices with the assistance of several booster nodes. The booster nodes do not need any special capability and can be a subset of the LoRa end-devices. To our knowledge, LoRaIN is the first protocol for boosting reliability and energy-efficiency in indoor LoRa networks. We evaluate its performance in an indoor testbed consisting of one LoRaWAN gateway and 20 LoRaWAN end-devices. Our extensive evaluation shows that when 15% of the end-devices operate as booster nodes, the reliability at the gateway increases from 62% to 95%, and the end-devices are approximately 2.5x energy-efficient.