Dynamics of Learning in MLP: Natural Gradient and Singularity Revisited
Dynamics of Learning in MLP: Natural Gradient and Singularity Revisited
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MLP 中的学习动态:重新审视自然梯度和奇点
DOI:
10.1162/neco_a_01029
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Okada Masato
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Amari Shun-ichi;Ozeki Tomoko;Karakida Ryo;Yoshida Yuki;Okada Masato
The dynamics of supervised learning play a main role in deep learning, which takes place in the parameter space of a multilayer perceptron (MLP). We review the history of supervised stochastic gradient learning, focusing on its singular structure and natural gradient. The parameter space includes singular regions in which parameters are not identifiable. One of our results is a full exploration of the dynamical behaviors of stochastic gradient learning in an elementary singular network. The bad news is its pathological nature, in which part of the singular region becomes an attractor and another part a repulser at the same time, forming a Milnor attractor. A learning trajectory is attracted by the attractor region, staying in it for a long time, before it escapes the singular region through the repulser region. This is typical of plateau phenomena in learning. We demonstrate the strange topology of a singular region by introducing blow-down coordinates, which are useful for analyzing the natural gradient dynamics. We confirm that the natural gradient dynamics are free of critical slowdown. The second main result is the good news: the interactions of elementary singular networks eliminate the attractor part and the Milnor-type attractors disappear. This explains why large-scale networks do not suffer from serious critical slowdowns due to singularities. We finally show that the unit-wise natural gradient is effective for learning in spite of its low computational cost.
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DOI:
10.1093/imaiai/iav006
发表时间:
2013-03
期刊:
arXiv: Neural and Evolutionary Computing
影响因子:
--
作者:
Y. Ollivier
通讯作者:
Y. Ollivier
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
J. J. Burns;N. Cantor
通讯作者:
N. Cantor
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
Y. Ollivier
通讯作者:
Y. Ollivier
DOI:
10.4135/9781412983907.n140
发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Definitions
影响因子:
--
作者:
Duane C. McBride;John M. Berecz;Sharon A. Gillespie;Herbert W. Helm;James H. Hopkins;Øystein S. LaBianca;Lionel N. A. Matthews;Susan E. Murray;Derrick L. Proctor;Larry S. Ulery
通讯作者:
Larry S. Ulery
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1603583113
发表时间:
2016-12-20
影响因子:
11.1
作者:
Oizumi, Masafumi;Tsuchiya, Naotsugu;Amari, Shun-ichi
通讯作者:
Amari, Shun-ichi