Energy dissipation and violation of the fluctuation-response relation in nonequilibrium Langevin systems
Energy dissipation and violation of the fluctuation-response relation in nonequilibrium Langevin systems
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DOI：
10.1103/physreve.73.026131
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Sasa, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harada, T;Sasa, S
涨落-响应关系是适用于接近平衡的系统的基本关系。另一方面，当一个系统被驱动远离平衡时，这种关系一般是违反的，因为在非平衡系统中不满足详细平衡条件。即使在这种情况下，人们也发现，对于一类朗之万方程，在非平衡定态中，涨落-响应关系的破坏程度与系统向环境中的能量耗散率之间存在一个等式[T. Harada和S.- I. Sasa，Phys. Rev. Lett. 95，130602（2005）]。由于这个等式只涉及实验上可测量的量，它可以作为一个命题来确定实验上是否可以用朗之万方程来描述系统。此外，每个自由度对能量耗散率的贡献可以基于该等式来确定。在本文中，我们提出了一个全面的描述这个等式，并提供了详细的推导，包括多体系统，布朗电机模型，时间依赖系统，多热源系统的各种类型的模型。
The fluctuation-response relation is a fundamental relation that is applicable to systems near equilibrium. On the other hand, when a system is driven far from equilibrium, this relation is violated in general because the detailed-balance condition is not satisfied in nonequilibrium systems. Even in this case, it has been found that for a class of Langevin equations, there exists an equality between the extent of violation of the fluctuation-response relation in the nonequilibrium steady state and the rate of energy dissipation from the system into the environment [T. Harada and S.-i. Sasa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 130602 (2005)]. Since this equality involves only experimentally measurable quantities, it serves as a proposition to determine experimentally whether the system can be described by a Langevin equation. Furthermore, the contribution of each degree of freedom to the rate of energy dissipation can be determined based on this equality. In this paper, we present a comprehensive description on this equality, and provide a detailed derivation for various types of models including many-body systems, Brownian motor models, time-dependent systems, and systems with multiple heat reservoirs.