Writing the Postcolonial City: Phnom Penh and Modernity during Sangkum Reastr Niyum, 1955-1970
Writing the Postcolonial City: Phnom Penh and Modernity during Sangkum Reastr Niyum, 1955-1970
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书写后殖民城市：Sangkum Reastr Niyum 时期的金边与现代性，1955-1970
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发表时间：
2019
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通讯作者：
Siti Galang Keo
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作者：
Siti Galang Keo
作者：Siti Galang Keo |顾问：Zinoman, Peter B. |摘要：本论文研究了 1955 年至 1970 年 Sangkum Reastr Niyum 时期的小说、散文、电影和歌曲，以探索柬埔寨人对金边的多重意义。 1954 年《日内瓦协议》签署后，金边成为新独立民族国家柬埔寨王国的首都。这个在法国殖民统治下的城市仅次于河内和西贡，但印度支那解体后，其人口呈指数级增长。金边位于柬埔寨道路网络和银行系统的中心，也是最好的大学和学校的所在地。大量的工作和机会吸引了农民工来到城市。人口激增是金边转型的众多方式之一。时任国家元首诺罗敦·西哈努克将金边定为政府现代化项目的中心。在他的领导下，首都从一个沼泽的省级中心转变为令人兴奋的国际化创新景象。柬埔寨城市居民将勒·柯布西耶的想法与传统高棉建筑细节相结合，设计出“现代”建筑。他们的歌曲受到法国歌手约翰尼·哈利迪和美国歌手威尔逊·皮克特的影响。他们创作的小说以佛教和法国存在主义的思想为基础。通过他们的作品，城市知识分子试图定义一个独立于法国殖民主义的柬埔寨身份。金边拥有新的道路、许多学校、酒吧和出版社，是柬埔寨人变得现代化并发展新身份的地方，例如近乎相同的tmey和pannavoan。金边的景观和社会构成的这些变化在柬埔寨知识分子中产生了新的意识。他们的著作表达了对异性关系和柬埔寨人在公共场所行为的变化的担忧。对于一些人来说，并非所有的改变都是好的。他们哀悼被沥青和混凝土取代的沼泽和木棚。他们意识到破裂、损失和破碎。柬埔寨城市知识分子的这种新意识就是我所说的后殖民现代性。这项研究通过认真对待柬埔寨著作的历史价值，并关注柬埔寨城市居民的日常生活，为《Sangkum Reastr Niyum》的历史做出了贡献。它将桑库姆时期描述为一个前所未有的变革时期，见证了新的城市中产阶级的出现。
Author(s): Keo, Siti Galang | Advisor(s): Zinoman, Peter B. | Abstract: This dissertation examines novels, essays, films and songs of the Sangkum Reastr Niyum period, 1955-1970, to explore the layers of meanings Cambodians held of Phnom Penh. After the Geneva Accords in 1954, Phnom Penh emerged as the capital city of a newly independent nation-state, the Kingdom of Cambodia. The city under French colonial rule was secondary to Hanoi and Saigon, but once Indochina dissolved, its population exponentially increased. Phnom Penh was at the center of Cambodia’s road networks, its banking system, and was home to the best universities and schools. The many jobs and opportunities attracted rural migrants to the city. The population boom was one of the many ways Phnom Penh transformed. Norodom Sihanouk, then the head of state, made Phnom Penh the epicenter of government modernization projects. Under his watch, the capital transformed from being a marshy, provincial hub into an exciting scene of cosmopolitan innovation. Urban Cambodians combined ideas from Le Corbusier with traditional Khmer architectural details to design their “modern” buildings. Their songs were influenced by the French singer Johnny Halliday and the American Wilson Pickett. They wrote novels that built upon the ideas found in Buddhism and French Existentialism. Through their works, urban intellectuals sought to define a Cambodian identity independent of French colonialism. Phnom Penh, with its new roads, many schools, bars and publishing houses, was a space where Cambodians became modern and developed new identities, such as the neary samey tmey and the pannavoan. These changes to the landscape and social composition of Phnom Penh engendered a new consciousness amongst Cambodian intellectuals. Their writings expressed a concern over changes in heterosexual relationships and the behavior of Cambodians in public spaces. To some, not all the changes were good. They mourned the marshes and wooden shacks that asphalt and concrete had replaced. They were aware of ruptures, loss, and fragmentation. This consciousness of the new amongst urban Cambodian intellectuals is what I term postcolonial modernity. This study contributes to the history of Sangkum Reastr Niyum by taking seriously the historical value of Cambodian writings and focuses the lives of everyday urban Cambodians. It describes the Sangkum period as a time of unprecedent change that witnessed the emergence of a new urban middle class.