How do floral display size and the density of surrounding flowers influence the likelihood of bumble bee revisitation to a plant?
How do floral display size and the density of surrounding flowers influence the likelihood of bumble bee revisitation to a plant?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01211.x
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Sakai, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Makino, T. T.;Ohashi, K.;Sakai, S.
1. 大多数传粉生物学家都使用传粉者对植物的集体访问来衡量其传粉者的吸引力。然而，我们对同一个人在这些访问中有多少次返回知之甚少，以及每个访问者离开工厂后走了多远。传粉者个体的这些行为方面对于理解植物间花粉流动的模式是必不可少的。我们观察了带标记的大黄蜂在紫花卷叶草的野外种群中的植物访问。通过将集体访问数据分解为单个采集者的访问，我们解决了“访客密度”（每2小时访问植物的个体数量）和“个体访问率”（每个个体每2小时访问的次数）与花卉展示大小（植物上开花的数量）和当地花密度（邻近植物上开花的数量）之间的关系。我们还跟踪了单个蜜蜂，以确定植物的展示大小和局部花朵密度如何影响其在蜜蜂觅食区域的相对位置。植物既能吸引定期访客（每2小时访问植物3次以上的蜜蜂），也能吸引偶尔访客（每2小时访问植物少于4次的蜜蜂）。两种类型的游客密度均随花展示大小的增加而增加，而只有偶尔游客密度随局部花密度的增加而增加。个体蜜蜂更喜欢访问自己觅食区域内的中心植物，展示面积较大的植物和当地花密度较低的植物。然而，这些偏好是相互独立的。蜜蜂并不一定会选择大的植物作为自己觅食区域的中心。另一方面，当地花密度高的植物通常位于蜜蜂觅食区域的中心附近。观察到的传粉者的运动对植物种群的花粉流有影响。展示面积较大的植物可能会通过吸引更多偶尔的来访者来体验更大的交配多样性，但它们也通过增加定期来访者的回报来确保与特定植物的交配。
1. Most pollination biologists have used the collective pollinator visits to a plant as the measure of its pollinator attraction. However, we know very little about how many returns by the same individuals compose these visits, and how far each visitor travels after leaving the plant. Such behavioural aspects of individual pollinators are essential to understand the patterns of pollen flow among plants.2. We observed plant visits by tagged bumble bees Bombus diversus in a field population of Cirsium purpuratum. By dissecting the collective visitation data into visits made by individual foragers, we addressed how 'visitor density' (number of individuals that visited a plant per 2 h) and 'individual visitation rate' (number of visits made by each individual per 2 h) are related to floral display size (number of flowering heads on a plant) and local flower density (number of flowering heads on neighbouring plants). We also tracked individual bees to determine how display size and local flower density of a plant influences its relative position in a bee's foraging area.3. Plants attracted both regular visitors (bees that visited a plant more than three times per 2 h) and occasional visitors (bees that visited a plant fewer than four times per 2 h). Densities of both types of visitors increased with floral display size, whereas only occasional visitor's density increased with local flower density.4. Individual bees preferred to visit central plants within their own foraging areas, plants with larger displays, and plants with lower local flower density. However, these preferences were independent from one another. Plants with large displays were not necessarily chosen by a bee as the centre of its own foraging area. On the other hand, plants with high local flower density were often located near the centre of a bee's foraging area.5. The observed pollinator movements have implications for pollen flow in the plant population. Plants with larger displays probably experience greater mate diversity by attracting more occasional visitors, but they also assure matings with particular plants by increasing returns from regular visitors.