OptiDwell: Intelligent Adjustment of Dwell Click Time
OptiDwell: Intelligent Adjustment of Dwell Click Time
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OptiDwell：智能调整停留点击时间
DOI：
10.1145/3025171.3025202
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Dey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aanand Nayyar;Utkarsh Dwivedi;Karan Ahuja;Nitendra Rajput;Seema Nagar;K. Dey
具有数字屏幕的基于凝视的导航提供了免提和非触摸交互，这在公共信息亭场景中提供卫生的交互体验时通常是有用的。这种导航系统的优点不仅取决于检测眼睛注视的准确性，而且还取决于确定用户是对点击按钮感兴趣还是仅仅看着按钮的能力。用户需要注视特定按钮的时间在它被认为是点击动作之前被称为停留时间。在本文中，我们探讨智能调整的停留时间，在一个给定的应用程序的按钮上的鼠标点击事件模拟与用户的目光。所有按钮和所有用户的恒定停留时间可能无法提供有效和直观的界面。因此，我们提出了一个模型来动态调整驻留时间值用于模拟用户鼠标点击事件，利用用户的经验与一个给定的应用程序的不同部分。该调整以每用户、每按钮粒度发生，作为用户的（a）应用内给定按钮的先前使用体验和（B）给定按钮的Midas触摸特性的函数。我们提出OptiDwell，灵感来自行动价值的方法为基础的解决方案，多武装匪徒的问题，停留点击时间适应。我们实验OptiDwell使用交互式电视频道浏览界面的应用程序，组成的文本和图像按钮的混合，超过10个计算机精明的用户产生超过9000点击任务。我们观察到在会话期间用户舒适度水平的显著改善，通过（a）改善的（减少的）停留时间和（B）减少的Midas触摸次数来量化，尽管停留点击更快，在最好的情况下高达10倍的减少。我们的工作是有用的创建一个界面，准确，快速和舒适的停留点击每个界面元素（例如，按钮）和每个用户。
Gaze based navigation with digital screens offer a hands-free and touchless interaction, which is often useful in providing a hygienic interaction experience in a public kiosk scenario. The goodness of such a navigation system depends not only on the accuracy of detecting the eye gaze but also on the ability to determine whether a user is interested in clicking a button or is just looking at the button. The time for which a user needs to gaze at a particular button before it is considered as a click action is called the dwell time. In this paper, we explore intelligent adjustment of dwell times, where mouse click events on the buttons of a given application are emulated with user gaze. A constant dwell-time for all buttons and for all users may not provide an efficient and intuitive interface. We thereby propose a model to dynamically adjust dwell-time values used to emulate user mouse click events, exploiting the user's experience with different portions of a given application. The adjustment happens at a per-user, per-button granularity, as a function of the user's (a) prior usage experience of the given button within the application and (b) Midas touch characteristics for the given button. We propose OptiDwell, inspired by the action-value method based solutions to the Multi-Armed Bandits problem, for dwell click time adaptation. We experiment OptiDwell using an interactive TV channel browsing interface application, constituting of a mix of text and image buttons, over 10 computer-savvy users generating over 9000 click tasks. We observe significant improvement of user comfort level over the sessions, quantified by (a) improved (reduced) dwell times and (b) reduced number of Midas touches in spite of faster dwell-clicks, as high as 10-fold reduction in the best case. Our work is useful for creating an interface, with accurate, fast and comfortable dwell-clicks for each interface element (e.g., buttons), and each user.