MicroRNAs and their diverse functions in plants
MicroRNAs and their diverse functions in plants
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DOI：
10.1007/s11103-011-9817-6
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Sun, Guiling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sun, Guiling
microRNAs （miRNAs）是一类新发现的小rna，通过mRNA切割或翻译抑制在转录后水平调控基因表达。目前，有3070个miRNA存储在公共miRNA数据库中；这些mirna是通过计算（比较基因组学）和实验（直接克隆和深度测序）方法从43种植物中获得的。像其他信号分子一样，植物mirna也可以通过维管系统从一个组织转移到另一个组织。这些可移动的mirna可能在植物营养平衡和对环境生物和非生物胁迫的响应中发挥重要作用。此外，mirna还控制着广泛的生物和代谢过程，包括发育时间、组织特异性发育和干细胞维持和分化。目前，大多数与植物mirna相关的研究都是纯粹描述性的，并没有对mirna介导的基因调控和其他功能提供更详细的机制认识。为了更好地了解植物mirna的功能和调控机制，需要采用更多的策略来研究mirna的功能及其相关的信号通路和基因网络。阐明mirna的进化机制也很重要。除了关注基础的遗传研究外，还可以开发一种新的基于mirna的生物技术来提高植物的产量、质量和对环境生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性。
microRNAs (miRNAs) are an extensive class of newly identified small RNAs, which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by mRNA cleavage or translation inhibition. Currently, there are 3,070 miRNAs deposited in the public available miRNA database; these miRNAs were obtained from 43 plant species using both computational (comparative genomics) and experimental (direct cloning and deep sequencing) approaches. Like other signaling molecules, plant miRNAs can also be moved from one tissue to another through the vascular system. These mobile miRNAs may play an important role in plant nutrient homeostasis and response to environmental biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, miRNAs also control a wide range of biological and metabolic processes, including developmental timing, tissue-specific development, and stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Currently, a majority of plant miRNA-related researches are purely descriptive, and provide no further detailed mechanistic insight into miRNA-mediated gene regulation and other functions. To better understand the function and regulatory mechanisms of plant miRNAs, more strategies need to be employed to investigate the functions of miRNAs and their associated signaling pathways and gene networks. Elucidating the evolutionary mechanism of miRNAs is also important. It is possible to develop a novel miRNA-based biotechnology for improving plant yield, quality and tolerance to environmental biotic and abiotic stresses besides focusing on basic genetic studies.