Inventing the Endless Frontier: The Effects of the World War Ii Research Effort on Post-War Innovation
Inventing the Endless Frontier: The Effects of the World War Ii Research Effort on Post-War Innovation
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创造无尽的前沿：二战研究工作对战后创新的影响
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3623115
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Sampat
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Gross;D. Gross;B. Sampat
在第二次世界大战期间，美国政府发起了史无前例的动员科学用于战争的努力：新成立的科学研究和发展办公室(OSRD)与工业和学术承包商签订了数千份研发合同，支出比政府之前对科学的投资高出一到两个数量级。在这篇文章中，我们研究了OSRD支持的研究工作对美国发明的长期影响。使用所有OSRD合同的数据，我们表明，这些投资对美国发明的方向和地点以及高科技产业就业产生了巨大影响，启动了塑造战后技术集群的集聚力。我们的结果表明，一个大型的、以使命为导向的政府研发计划对国内技术集群的增长和长期技术进步的影响。
During World War II, the U.S. government launched an unprecedented effort to mobilize science for war: the newly-established Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) entered thousands of R&D contracts with industrial and academic contractors, spending one to two orders of magnitude more than what the government was previously investing in science. In this paper, we study the long-run effects of the OSRD-supported research effort on U.S. invention. Using data on all OSRD contracts, we show that these investments had large effects on the direction and location of U.S. invention and high-tech industrial employment, setting in motion agglomeration forces which shaped the technology clusters of the postwar era. Our results demonstrate the effects of a large, mission-driven government R&D program on the growth of domestic technology clusters and long-run technological progress.