Ontologies: Principles, methods and applications
Ontologies: Principles, methods and applications
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DOI：
10.1017/s0269888900007797
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发表时间：
1996-06-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Gruninger, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uschold, M;Gruninger, M
本文旨在作为与本体的设计和使用有关的新兴领域的全面介绍。我们观察到，不同的背景，语言，工具和技术是人们，组织和/或软件系统之间有效沟通的主要障碍。我们展示了在给定学科领域中对共享理解（即“本体论”）的明确说明的发展和实施，可以改善这种沟通，这反过来又可以产生更多的再利用和共享，可操作性和更可靠的软件。在激励他们的需求之后，我们澄清了什么是本体论以及他们服务的目的。我们概述了一种开发和评估本体论，首先讨论非正式技术的方法，涉及范围界定，处理歧义，达成共识和产生定义等问题。然后，我们考虑和描述一种更正式的方法的好处。我们重新访问范围的范围，并讨论形式语言和技术在本体论的规范，实施和评估中的作用。最后，我们考虑了各种案例研究，本体论开发的软件工具，关键研究问题和未来的前景，我们回顾了这个新兴领域的艺术和实践状况。
This paper is intended to serve as a comprehensive introduction to the emerging field concerned with the design and use of ontologies. We observe that disparate backgrounds, languages, tools and techniques are a major barrier to effective communication among people, organisations and/or software systems. We show how the development and implementation of an explicit account of a shared understanding (i.e. an ''ontology'') in a given subject area, can improve such communication, which in turn, can give rise to greater reuse and sharing, inter-operability, and more reliable software. After motivating their need, we clarify just what ontologies are and what purposes they serve. We outline a methodology for developing and evaluating ontologies, first discussing informal techniques, concerning such issues as scoping, handling ambiguity, reaching agreement and producing definitions. We then consider the benefits of and describe, a more formal approach. We re-visit the scoping phase, and discuss the role of formal languages and techniques in the specification, implementation and evaluation of ontologies. Finally, we review the state of the art and practice in this emerging field, considering various case studies, software tools for ontology development, key research issues and future prospects.