Diverse viruses in deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids have restricted dispersal across ocean basins
Diverse viruses in deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids have restricted dispersal across ocean basins
复制标题
深海热液喷口流体中的多种病毒限制了跨洋盆地的传播
DOI：
10.1101/2020.06.04.125666
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Huber
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Elaina Thomas;Rika E. Anderson;Viola Li;J. Rogan;J. Huber
在海洋中，病毒影响微生物的死亡率，调节生物地球化学循环，并改变微生物谱系的代谢潜力。在深海热液喷口，大量的病毒感染了居住在这些动态栖息地的古生菌和细菌中的各种宿主。然而，人们对不同喷口生态系统的病毒多样性、宿主范围和生物地理知之甚少，这对病毒如何操纵微生物功能和进化具有重要意义。在这里，我们研究了从三个不同地球化学和地理上不同的热液系统的几个喷口产生的流体中产生的微生物宏基因组中的病毒多样性、病毒和宿主分布以及病毒与宿主的相互作用：加勒比海中开曼隆起的Piccard和Von Damm喷口区，以及太平洋轴向海底山的几个喷口。对病毒序列和聚类规则间隔回文重复序列（CRISPR）间隔序列的分析揭示了高度多样化的病毒组合和活动性感染的证据。网络分析显示，病毒宿主范围较窄，很少有病毒感染多个微生物谱系。病毒在很大程度上是个别喷口处特有的，这表明传播受到限制，在某些情况下，病毒组合会随着时间的推移而持续存在。因此，我们表明热液喷口流体是高度局限于特定区域和分类群的新型、多样化病毒组合的家园。病毒在控制海洋微生物群落及其进化方面发挥着重要作用，但人们对深海热液喷口中的病毒知之甚少。然而，由于其独特的性质，病毒生态学和进化对热液喷口栖息地特别感兴趣：先前的研究表明，热液喷口中的大多数病毒是温带的，而不是裂解性的，并且已经确定在嗜热喷口微生物中水平基因转移（HGT）的速率特别高，病毒是HGT的常见载体。如果病毒有广泛的宿主范围或在喷口处广泛分布，它们就更有可能在喷口处之间充当基因共享“高速公路”。通过检查不同喷口的病毒多样性、分布和感染网络，本研究为更好地表征和限制病毒对热液喷口微生物群落的影响提供了机会。研究表明，热液喷口中的病毒种类繁多，具有明显的活性，但大多数病毒寄主范围有限，在喷口的分布并不广泛。因此，病毒感染的影响可能高度局限于这些栖息地的特定分类群。
In the ocean, viruses impact microbial mortality, regulate biogeochemical cycling, and alter the metabolic potential of microbial lineages. At deep-sea hydrothermal vents, abundant viruses infect a wide range of hosts among the archaea and bacteria that inhabit these dynamic habitats. However, little is known about viral diversity, host range, and biogeography across different vent ecosystems, which has important implications for how viruses manipulate microbial function and evolution. Here, we examined viral diversity, viral and host distribution, and viral-host interactions in microbial metagenomes generated from venting fluids from several vent sites within three different geochemically and geographically distinct hydrothermal systems: Piccard and Von Damm vent fields at the Mid-Cayman Rise in the Caribbean Sea, and at several vent sites within Axial Seamount in the Pacific Ocean. Analysis of viral sequences and Clustered Regularly InterSpaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) spacers revealed highly diverse viral assemblages and evidence of active infection. Network analysis revealed that viral host range was relatively narrow, with very few viruses infecting multiple microbial lineages. Viruses were largely endemic to individual vent sites, indicating restricted dispersal, and in some cases viral assemblages persisted over time. Thus, we show that hydrothermal vent fluids are home to novel, diverse viral assemblages that are highly localized to specific regions and taxa. Importance Viruses play important roles in manipulating microbial communities and their evolution in the ocean, yet not much is known about viruses in deep-sea hydrothermal vents. However, viral ecology and evolution are of particular interest in hydrothermal vent habitats because of their unique nature: previous studies have indicated that most viruses in hydrothermal vents are temperate rather than lytic, and it has been established that rates of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) are particularly high among thermophilic vent microbes, and viruses are common vectors for HGT. If viruses have broad host range or are widespread across vent sites, they have increased potential to act as gene-sharing “highways” between vent sites. By examining viral diversity, distribution, and infection networks across disparate vent sites, this study provides the opportunity to better characterize and constrain the viral impact on hydrothermal vent microbial communities. We show that viruses in hydrothermal vents are diverse and apparently active, but most have restricted host range and are not widely distributed among vent sites. Thus, the impacts of viral infection are likely to be highly localized and constrained to specific taxa in these habitats.
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
A. M. Eren;A. Murat Eren;Ozcan C Esen;C. Quince;Joseph H Vineis;H. Morrison;M. Sogin;Tom O. Delmont-Tom-O.-D
通讯作者：
A. M. Eren;A. Murat Eren;Ozcan C Esen;C. Quince;Joseph H Vineis;H. Morrison;M. Sogin;Tom O. Delmont-Tom-O.-D
DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Systems Biology
通讯作者：
Systems Biology