Biochar as a negative emission technology: A synthesis of field research on greenhouse gas emissions
Biochar as a negative emission technology: A synthesis of field research on greenhouse gas emissions
复制标题
生物炭作为负排放技术：温室气体排放实地研究综合
DOI：
10.1002/jeq2.20475
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Lindsey, Laura E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shrestha, Raj K.;Jacinthe, Pierre‐Andre;Lal, Rattan;Lorenz, Klaus;Singh, Maninder P.;Demyan, Scott M.;Ren, Wei;Lindsey, Laura E.
生物炭是为数不多的有潜力帮助实现农业净零排放的基于自然的技术之一。这一成果将涉及减少农业生态系统的温室气体排放和优化土壤有机碳固存。对生物炭应用的兴趣因其几个协同效益而增强。一些综述综述了过去对生物炭的研究，但这些综述主要包括实验室、温室和中生态实验。缺乏实地研究的综合，特别是从减缓气候变化的角度来看。我们的目标是：(1)综合基于实地研究的进展，这些研究已经检查了生物炭土壤应用的温室气体减排能力；(2)确定技术的局限性和研究重点。对2022年之前发表的实地研究进行了回顾。生物炭对温室气体排放有不同的影响，从减少、增加到没有变化。在研究中，生物炭使一氧化二氮（N2O）和甲烷（CH4）的排放量分别减少了18%和3%，但使二氧化碳（CO2）的排放量增加了1.9%。当生物炭与氮肥配施时，分别减少了61%、64%和84%的观测值的CO2、CH4和N2O排放，而生物炭加其他改剂分别减少了78%、92%和85%的观测值的排放。生物炭已显示出减少土壤温室气体排放的潜力，但需要长期研究来解决排放差异，并确定生物炭在农业土壤中应用的最佳做法（速率、深度和频率）。
Biochar is one of the few nature‐based technologies with potential to help achieve net‐zero emissions agriculture. Such an outcome would involve the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from agroecosystems and optimization of soil organic carbon sequestration. Interest in biochar application is heightened by its several co‐benefits. Several reviews summarized past investigations on biochar, but these reviews mostly included laboratory, greenhouse, and mesocosm experiments. A synthesis of field studies is lacking, especially from a climate change mitigation standpoint. Our objectives are to (1) synthesize advances in field‐based studies that have examined the GHG mitigation capacity of soil application of biochar and (2) identify limitations of the technology and research priorities. Field studies, published before 2022, were reviewed. Biochar has variable effects on GHG emissions, ranging from decrease, increase, to no change. Across studies, biochar reduced emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) by 18% and methane (CH4) by 3% but increased carbon dioxide (CO2) by 1.9%. When biochar was combined with N‐fertilizer, it reduced CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions in 61%, 64%, and 84% of the observations, and biochar plus other amendments reduced emissions in 78%, 92%, and 85% of the observations, respectively. Biochar has shown potential to reduce GHG emissions from soils, but long‐term studies are needed to address discrepancies in emissions and identify best practices (rate, depth, and frequency) of biochar application to agricultural soils.