Applying the polarity rapid assessment method to characterize nitrosamine precursors and to understand their removal by drinking water treatment processes.
Applying the polarity rapid assessment method to characterize nitrosamine precursors and to understand their removal by drinking water treatment processes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.040
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
X. Liao;Er Bei;Shixiang Li;Yueying Ouyang;Jun Wang;Chao Chen;Xiao-jian Zhang;S. Krasner;I. Suffet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
X. Liao;Er Bei;Shixiang Li;Yueying Ouyang;Jun Wang;Chao Chen;Xiao-jian Zhang;S. Krasner;I. Suffet
梭曼亚硝胺(NAS)已被确定为水处理过程中新出现的消毒副产物。因此，有必要了解NA前体的特征。本研究采用极性快速评估法(PRAM)和经典树脂分级法作为饮用水处理过程中NA前体的分级方法。结果表明，PRAM对NA前体的选择性远高于树脂法。四种树脂组分的归一化N-亚硝基二甲胺生成势(NDMA FP)和N-亚硝基二乙胺(NDEA)FP与主体有机物的平均产率相同，而阳离子部分的平均产率是PRAM的50倍。因此，阳离子部分被证明是最重要的NDMA前体贡献者。PRAM方法还有助于了解不同的水处理过程去除了NA前体的哪些部分。活性碳(AC)吸附去除了NDMA和NDEA前体中90%以上的非极性PRAM部分(吸附在C18固相萃取[SPE]柱上)。生物处理去除了PRAM的80-90%的阳离子部分(保留在阳离子交换SPE柱上)和40-60%的非阳离子部分。臭氧氧化去除了50-60%的NA前体的非极性PRAM部分，并将其中的一部分转化为极性部分。混凝和沉淀对NA前体的各种PRAM部分的去除非常有限。
SomeN-nitrosamines (NAs) have been identified as emerging disinfection by-products during water treatment. Thus, it is essential to understand the characteristics of the NA precursors. In this study, the polarity rapid assessment method (PRAM) and the classical resin fractionation method were studied as methods to fractionate the NA precursors during drinking water treatment. The results showed that PRAM has much higher selectivity for NA precursors than the resin approach. The normalizedN-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential (NDMA FP) andN-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) FP of four resin fractions was at the same level as the average yield of the bulk organic matter whereas that of the cationic fraction by PRAM showed 50 times the average. Thus, the cationic fraction was shown to be the most important NDMA precursor contributor. The PRAM method also helped understand which portions of the NA precursor were removed by different water treatment processes. Activated carbon (AC) adsorption removed over 90% of the non-polar PRAM fraction (that sorbs onto the C18 solid phase extraction [SPE] cartridge) of NDMA and NDEA precursors. Bio-treatment removed 80–90% of the cationic fraction of PRAM (that is retained on the cation exchange SPE cartridge) and 40–60% of the non-cationic fractions. Ozonation removed 50–60% of the non-polar PRAM fraction of NA precursors and transformed part of them into the polar fraction. Coagulation and sedimentation had very limited removal of various PRAM fractions of NA precursors.