Who pays and who gains from fuel policies in Brazil
Who pays and who gains from fuel policies in Brazil
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DOI：
10.1016/j.eneco.2015.11.001
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发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
M. Khanna;H. Núñez;D. Zilberman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Khanna;H. Núñez;D. Zilberman
巴西在燃料部门采取了一系列政策干预措施，以实现经济和社会发展、促进生物燃料和减少对石油依赖的多重目标。我们开发了一个经济框架，以提供洞察巴西的燃料政策选择，并分析他们在燃料和糖行业产生的权衡。我们还研究了它们对糖、石油和生物燃料部门的生产者和消费者以及对政府收入的分配影响。此外，我们进行了规范性分析，比较现有政策的福利和环境影响与社会福利最大化和解决市场失灵的目标。对燃料和食糖部门不同利益攸关方的结果进行的事后分析，有助于了解指导政策选择的可能政治经济因素。我们发现，现状政策的动机可能是增加石油出口，提高政府收入，并通过甘蔗部门促进农村发展的目标，并对燃料和糖的消费者，社会福利和温室气体排放总量在巴西产生了重大的不利影响。
Brazil has pursued a mix of policy interventions in the fuel sector to achieve multiple objectives of economic and social development, promoting biofuels and reducing dependence on oil. We develop an economic framework to provide insight on the fuel policy choices in Brazil and to analyze the trade-offs they have engendered in the fuel and sugar sectors. We also examine their distributional impacts on producers and consumers in the sugar, oil and biofuel sectors and on government revenues. Additionally, we undertake a normative analysis for the purpose of comparing the welfare and environmental impacts of existing policies with those justified by the goal of maximizing social welfare and addressing market failure. The ex-post analysis of the outcomes for different stakeholders in the fuel and sugar sectors provides insights on the likely political-economic factors guiding policy choices. We find that the status quo policies are likely to have been motivated by the objectives of increasing oil exports, raising government revenue and promoting rural development through the sugarcane sector and have had a significant adverse effect on fuel and sugar consumers, aggregate social welfare and greenhouse gas emissions in Brazil.