Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: Classification, Diagnostics, and Therapy
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: Classification, Diagnostics, and Therapy
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DOI：
10.1007/5584_2016_45
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mokry, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Porvaznik, I.;Solovic, I.;Mokry, J.
非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）是不属于结核分枝杆菌复合群的物种，不会引起麻风病。NTM通常是在环境中普遍存在的自由生活的生物体。迄今为止，已经发现了140多个NTM物种。它们可以引起广泛的感染，其中肺部感染最常见（65- 90%）。越来越多的证据表明，NTM肺病的发病率和相关住院率正在上升，主要是在结核病流行率较低的地区。一个关键的临床问题仍然是评估NTM的意义与疾病的关系，特别是关于肺结核或支气管扩张后残留病变患者的呼吸道定植。分枝杆菌病的临床和影像学表现，以及治疗，往往与结核病相似。治疗方案应个体化。除抗结核药外，抗生素的使用更为频繁。在斯洛伐克，最常见的导致肺部疾病的分枝杆菌是鸟分枝杆菌和结核分枝杆菌。
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and do not cause leprosy. NTM are generally free-living organisms that are ubiquitous in the environment. There have been more than 140 NTM species identified to-date. They can cause a wide range of infections, with pulmonary infections being the most frequent (65-90 %). There is growing evidence that the incidence of NTM lung diseases and associated hospitalizations are on the rise, mainly in regions with a low prevalence of tuberculosis. A crucial clinical problem remains the evaluation of NTM significance in relation to the disease, especially in regard to the colonization of the respiratory tract in patients with residual lesions after tuberculosis or bronchiectasis. Clinical and radiographic pictures of mycobacteriosis, as well as therapy, have often similarities to those of tuberculosis. The treatment regimen should be individualized. In addition to antituberculotics, antibiotics are used more frequently. The most common mycobacteria causing lung disease in Slovakia are Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium abscessus.