Exposure of miners to diesel exhaust particulates in underground nonmetal mines
Exposure of miners to diesel exhaust particulates in underground nonmetal mines
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DOI：
10.1080/15428110208984753
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chemerynski, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cohen, HJ;Borak, J;Chemerynski, S
发起了一项研究，以检查工人在七个地下非金属矿山的暴露情况，并检查国家职业安全与卫生研究所（NIOSH） 5040柴油废气采样和分析方法的准确性，该方法最近被矿山安全与卫生管理局（MSHA）采用，用于合规监测。使用旋风对工人和整个矿区的区域采集了大约1000个空气样本。结果表明，工人接触总碳量始终高于由NIOSH 5040方法确定的MSHA最终限值160马克杯/米(3)（时间加权平均；TWA），高于美国政府工业卫生学家会议提出的元素碳TLV(R)限值20马克杯/米(3)（TWA）。当使用有机碳对柴油废气进行采样时，记录了许多困难：过滤器的高且可变的空白值，来自同一采样过滤器的重复冲孔的高变异性（+/-20%），当与旋风并排采样时，开式监测仪会产生一致的正干扰（+26%），与元素碳水平的相关性较差（r(2) = 0.38），以及石灰石的干扰，无法通过酸洗过滤器充分纠正。元素碳的采样和分析精度（相对标准偏差）约为11%，有机碳为17%，总碳为11%。提出了一种假设，并以数据支持，即气态有机碳成分不仅吸附在柴油废气中发现的亚微米元素碳颗粒上，而且还吸附在采矿矿石粉尘上。这些矿尘大多是不可吸入的，在对肺部的潜在不良影响方面，不应被视为与亚微米柴油颗粒相当。当使用NIOSH 5040方法时，建议采用尺寸选择性采样，而不是露天监测。
A study was initiated to examine worker exposures in seven underground nonmetal mines and to examine the precision of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 5040 sampling and analytical method for diesel exhaust that has recently been adopted for compliance monitoring by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). Approximately 1000 air samples using cyclones were taken on workers and in areas throughout the mines. Results indicated that worker exposures were consistently above the MSHA final limit of 160 mug/m(3) (time-weighted average; TWA) for total carbon as determined by the NIOSH 5040 method and greater than the proposed American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLV(R) limit of 20 mug/m(3) (TWA) for elemental carbon. A number of difficulties were documented when sampling for diesel exhaust using organic carbon: high and variable blank values from filters, a high variability (+/-20%) from duplicate punches from the same sampling filter, a consistent positive interference (+26%) when open-faced monitors were sampled side-by-side with cyclones, poor correlation (r(2) = 0.38) to elemental carbon levels, and an interference from limestone that could not be adequately corrected by acid-washing of filters. The sampling and analytical precision (relative standard deviation) was approximately 11% for elemental carbon, 17% for organic carbon, and 11% for total carbon. An hypothesis is presented and supported with data that gaseous organic carbon constituents of diesel exhaust adsorb onto not only the submicron elemental carbon particles found in diesel exhaust, but also mining ore dusts. Such mining dusts are mostly nonrespirable and should not be considered equivalent to submicron diesel particulates in their potential for adverse pulmonary effects. It is recommended that size-selective sampling be employed, rather than open-faced monitoring, when using the NIOSH 5040 method.