Public production of anti-retroviral medicines in Brazil, 1990-2007
Public production of anti-retroviral medicines in Brazil, 1990-2007
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7660.2008.00494.x
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Flynn, Matthew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flynn, Matthew
本文检视巴西在公共生产抗逆转录病毒药物（ARVs）方面的经验，并强调国家在保障获得救命药物和履行人权承诺方面的重要角色。理解政府成功干预医药市场和提供治疗的关键，在于具有改革意识的公务员和民间社会活动家之间的协同关系，尽管这种关系是政治上的。本文认为，三个关键因素导致政府成为抗逆转录病毒药物的直接生产者：1)自20世纪60年代以来，已有的公共实验室基础设施或多或少地为公共卫生系统服务；2)强大的民间社会压力，包括政府内外的公共卫生活动人士；3)由跨国制药公司控制的高价制药业。
This article examines Brazil's experience with the public production of anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) and highlights the important role of the state in guaranteeing access to life-saving medicines and fulfilling human rights commitments. The key to understanding the government's successful intervention in the pharmaceutical market and provision of treatment rests on the synergistic, albeit political, relationship between reform-minded public servants and civil society activists. This article argues that three key factors led to the government becoming a direct producer of ARVs: 1) a pre-existing infrastructure of public laboratories that have served the public health system to a greater or lesser degree since the 1960s; 2) strong civil society pressures, including public health activists both inside and outside the government; and 3) a pharmaceutical sector characterized by high prices and controlled by transnational drug companies.