Morphological features and mixing states of soot-containing particles in the marine boundary layer over the Indian and Southern oceans
Morphological features and mixing states of soot-containing particles in the marine boundary layer over the Indian and Southern oceans
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-18-9207-2018
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发表时间：
2018-07
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Sayako Ueda;K. Osada;K. Hara;M. Yabuki;F. Hashihama;J. Kanda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sayako Ueda;K. Osada;K. Hara;M. Yabuki;F. Hashihama;J. Kanda
抽象的。含烟尘气溶胶粒子的混合状态是模拟大气中黑碳气候效应的重要信息。为了阐明偏远海洋上空含烟灰颗粒的混合状态和形态特征，我们在TR/V Umitaka-maru UM-08-09巡航期间对南印度洋和南大洋进行了船上观测，该巡航于2008年12月1日从印度尼西亚贝诺阿出发，经开普敦，南非，并于2009年2月6日在澳大利亚弗里曼特尔结束。测量了粒度分离颗粒（直径< 0.5和< 1.0 µm）的光吸收系数和气溶胶数浓度（直径0.1-0.5 µm），以协助直接气溶胶采样。收集尺寸分离的气溶胶颗粒，使用离子色谱法进行化学分析。对于使用水透析方法的透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析，使用级联撞击器收集干燥的亚微米气溶胶颗粒。我们分析了13个TEM样品。水透析分析结果表明，大部分颗粒是水溶性的。然而，对于所有TEM样品，很少发现含有具有特征烟灰形状的不溶性残留物的颗粒（TEM样品上最多2.1%的颗粒）。对于在印度洋和南大洋纬度低于62 ° S的地区收集的样本，发现一些（20- 35%）含烟灰的颗粒是裸露的烟灰。对于在南极海岸附近（南纬65-68度，东经38-68度）采集的样本，所有含烟尘的颗粒都与水溶性材料混合。此外，56%的含烟颗粒具有由液滴（例如硫酸）的冲击形成的卫星结构。南极海岸附近的亚微米颗粒的化学分析显示，高浓度的非海盐（NSS）的SO 42-和CH 3SO 3-，这表明，老年烟尘含颗粒转化的可溶性物质来自二甲基硫醚（DMS）氧化。所获得的信息，烟尘在各个偏远的海洋地区，预计将是有用的，了解远程传输过程，并提高全球烟尘浓度的模拟。
Abstract. Mixing states of soot-containing aerosol particles constitute important information for the simulation of climatic effects of black carbon in the atmosphere. To elucidate the mixing states and morphological features of soot-containing particles over remote oceans, we conducted on-board observations over the southern Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean during the TR/V Umitaka-maru UM-08-09 cruise, which started from Benoa, Indonesia, on 1 December 2008 via Cape Town, South Africa, and which terminated in Fremantle, Australia, on 6 February 2009. The light absorption coefficients of size-segregated particles (< 0.5 and < 1.0 µm diameter) and aerosol number concentrations (0.1–0.5 µm diameter) were measured to assist direct aerosol sampling. Size-segregated aerosol particles were collected for chemical analysis using ion chromatography. For transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses using water-dialysis methods, dried submicrometer aerosol particles were collected using a cascade impactor. We analyzed 13 TEM samples. Results of water-dialysis analysis demonstrate that most particles were water-soluble. However, for all TEM samples, particles were rarely found (2.1 % of particles on a TEM sample at a maximum) containing insoluble residuals with the characteristic soot shape. For samples collected over the Indian and Southern oceans at latitudes less than 62∘ S, some (20–35 %) soot-containing particles were found as bare soot. For samples collected near the Antarctic coast (65–68∘ S, 38–68∘ E), all soot-containing particles were mixed with water-soluble materials. Furthermore, 56 % of soot-containing particles had a satellite structure formed by the impact of droplets such as sulfuric acid. Chemical analysis of submicrometer particles near the Antarctic coast revealed high concentrations of non-sea-salt (nss) SO42- and CH3SO3-, suggesting that aged soot-containing particles were transformed by soluble materials derived from dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation. The obtained information of soot at various remote ocean areas is expected to be useful to understand long-range transport processes and to improve simulations of global soot concentration.