Finding a Choice in a Haystack: Automatic Extraction of Opt-Out Statements from Privacy Policy Text
Finding a Choice in a Haystack: Automatic Extraction of Opt-Out Statements from Privacy Policy Text
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DOI：
10.1145/3366423.3380262
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发表时间：
2020-04
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通讯作者：
Vinayshekhar Bannihatti Kumar;Roger Iyengar;N. Nisal;Yuanyuan Feng;Hana Habib;Peter Story;Sushain Cherivirala;Margaret Hagan;L. Cranor;Shomir Wilson;F. Schaub;N. Sadeh
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作者：
Vinayshekhar Bannihatti Kumar;Roger Iyengar;N. Nisal;Yuanyuan Feng;Hana Habib;Peter Story;Sushain Cherivirala;Margaret Hagan;L. Cranor;Shomir Wilson;F. Schaub;N. Sadeh
网站隐私政策有时为用户提供选择退出某些个人数据收集和使用的选项。不幸的是，许多隐私政策将这些说明深埋在文本中，很少有网络用户有时间或技能来发现它们。我们描述了一种自动检测隐私政策文本中的退出选择的方法，并通过网络浏览器扩展将其呈现给用户。我们描述了两个选择退出选择的语料库的创建，这使得分类器的训练能够识别隐私政策中的选择退出。我们提取和分类退出选择的总体方法结合了启发式方法来识别常见的选择退出超链接，并通过监督机器学习自动识别不太显眼的实例。我们的方法实现了 0.93 的精度和 0.9 的召回率。我们推出 Opt-Out Easy，这是一个网络浏览器扩展程序，旨在为用户在浏览网络时提供可用的选择退出选项。我们通过用户研究来评估浏览器扩展的可用性。我们还提供了对数千个最受欢迎网站的文本中发现的选择退出进行大规模分析的结果。
Website privacy policies sometimes provide users the option to opt-out of certain collections and uses of their personal data. Unfortunately, many privacy policies bury these instructions deep in their text, and few web users have the time or skill necessary to discover them. We describe a method for the automated detection of opt-out choices in privacy policy text and their presentation to users through a web browser extension. We describe the creation of two corpora of opt-out choices, which enable the training of classifiers to identify opt-outs in privacy policies. Our overall approach for extracting and classifying opt-out choices combines heuristics to identify commonly found opt-out hyperlinks with supervised machine learning to automatically identify less conspicuous instances. Our approach achieves a precision of 0.93 and a recall of 0.9. We introduce Opt-Out Easy, a web browser extension designed to present available opt-out choices to users as they browse the web. We evaluate the usability of our browser extension with a user study. We also present results of a large-scale analysis of opt-outs found in the text of thousands of the most popular websites.