Diversity and evolution of the transposable element repertoire in arthropods with particular reference to insects
Diversity and evolution of the transposable element repertoire in arthropods with particular reference to insects
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DOI：
10.1186/s12862-018-1324-9
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发表时间：
2019-01-09
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Misof, Bernhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Petersen, Malte;Armisen, David;Misof, Bernhard
转座元件(TES)是后生动物基因组的主要组成部分，与塑造基因组结构和进化的多种机制有关。尽管到目前为止，昆虫基因组测序的数量不断增加，但我们对昆虫基因组的多样性和进化的了解仍然很少。结果我们给出了节肢动物基因组的标准化描述和有序水平的比较，包括62种昆虫和11个外类群物种。昆虫基因谱系几乎包含了前面描述的每一类昆虫，在某些情况下，甚至包括以前只报道过的脊椎动物和植物的昆虫。此外，我们确定了一大部分不可分类的TE。我们发现TE的含量差异很大，南极吸虫(双翅目)、蜜蜂和萝卜锯蝇(膜翅目)的TE含量不到6%，而疟疾蚊子(双翅目)和蝗虫(直翅目)的TE含量超过58%，并且TE的含量和多样性可能与基因组大小有关。结论虽然大多数昆虫目具有特征的TE组成，但我们也观察到了目内差异，如双翅目、膜翅目和半翅目。我们的发现揭示了常见的模式，并揭示了昆虫中TES的内容和进化的特定谱系的差异。我们期待我们的研究能为今后昆虫谱系的比较研究提供基础。
BackgroundTransposable elements (TEs) are a major component of metazoan genomes and are associated with a variety of mechanisms that shape genome architecture and evolution. Despite the ever-growing number of insect genomes sequenced to date, our understanding of the diversity and evolution of insect TEs remains poor.ResultsHere, we present a standardized characterization and an order-level comparison of arthropod TE repertoires, encompassing 62 insect and 11 outgroup species. The insect TE repertoire contains TEs of almost every class previously described, and in some cases even TEs previously reported only from vertebrates and plants. Additionally, we identified a large fraction of unclassifiable TEs. We found high variation in TE content, ranging from less than 6% in the antarctic midge (Diptera), the honey bee and the turnip sawfly (Hymenoptera) to more than 58% in the malaria mosquito (Diptera) and the migratory locust (Orthoptera), and a possible relationship between the content and diversity of TEs and the genome size.ConclusionWhile most insect orders exhibit a characteristic TE composition, we also observed intraordinal differences, e.g., in Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera. Our findings shed light on common patterns and reveal lineage-specific differences in content and evolution of TEs in insects. We anticipate our study to provide the basis for future comparative research on the insect TE repertoire.