Eating up cognitive resources: Does attentional consumption lead to food consumption?
Eating up cognitive resources: Does attentional consumption lead to food consumption?
复制标题
消耗认知资源：注意力消耗会导致食物消耗吗？
DOI：
10.1016/j.appet.2021.105165
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发表时间：
2021-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Mann T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Volz S;Ward A;Mann T
注意力负荷在饮食中扮演什么角色？专注于一项不相关的任务是否会导致暴饮暴食，可能会使个人无法专注于限制消费的目标？或者这种注意力转移通常会导致进食减少，也许是通过阻止人们注意到相关食物线索的诱人特征？过去的研究已经支持了这两个命题，但现有研究之间的比较受到了阻碍，因为各种实验操作在占据注意力的程度上有所不同，而且它们所利用的注意力资源的特定类型也有所不同。为了解决文献中存在的差异，在一系列研究中，我们使用了一种工作记忆操作，即n-back任务，它可以被系统地修改以诱导不同水平的认知负荷，从而严格比较不同水平的注意力负荷对饮食的影响。这些研究揭示了一个复杂的结果模式。对三项采用受试者内部设计的研究结果的分析证明了一种线性关系，即参与者在完成高认知负荷任务时消耗的食物比完成低认知负荷任务时消耗的食物少。三项采用受试者间设计的研究强调了结果不太一致的模式，但在一个小型荟萃分析中结合起来，表明了相反的线性关系，即被分配到高认知负荷条件下的参与者通常比分配到低认知负荷条件下的参与者消耗更多的食物。我们进行了另外两项研究，以调和这些相互矛盾的数据模式。这两项研究都没有得到明确的支持，尽管两项研究都发现，参与者在从事高认知负荷任务时比从事低认知负荷任务时吃得少。注意力负荷和进食之间关系的确切性质仍然难以捉摸。
What is the role played by attentional load in eating? Does attending to an unrelated task generally lead to overeating, perhaps by preventing individuals from focusing on a goal to limit consumption? Or does such attentional diversion typically lead to reductions in eating, perhaps by preventing people from noticing tempting features of relevant food cues? Past research has supported each of these two propositions, but comparisons between existing studies have been hampered to the extent that various experimental manipulations differ in the degree to which they occupy attention, as well as differing in the particular type of attentional resources they exploit. To resolve existing discrepancies in the literature, in a series of studies, we made use of a working memory manipulation, the n-back task, that can be systematically modified to induce varying levels of cognitive load, allowing for rigorous comparisons of the effects of different levels of attentional load on eating. These studies revealed a complex pattern of results. Analysis of findings from three studies employing within-subjects designs documented a linear relationship, in that participants consumed less food when completing a higher cognitive-load task than when completing a lower cognitive-load task. Three studies employing between-subjects designs highlighted a less consistent pattern of results, but when combined in a mini-meta-analysis, suggested the opposite linear relationship, with participants assigned to higher cognitive-load conditions generally consuming more food than participants assigned to lower cognitive-load conditions. We conducted two additional studies to reconcile these conflicting patterns of data. Neither finding received unequivocal support, although both studies found that participants ate less when engaged in higher cognitive-load tasks than lower cognitive-load tasks. The precise nature of the relationship between attentional load and eating remains elusive.
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