THE BREEDING COLORATION OF MALE 3-SPINED STICKLEBACKS (GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS) AS AN INDICATOR OF ENERGY INVESTMENT IN VIGOR
THE BREEDING COLORATION OF MALE 3-SPINED STICKLEBACKS (GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS) AS AN INDICATOR OF ENERGY INVESTMENT IN VIGOR
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01237640
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发表时间：
1993-09-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
FRISCHKNECHT, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FRISCHKNECHT, M
大多数双性选择模型的一个必要条件是，第二性特征代价高昂，以防止欺骗。如果雄性三刺刺鱼的繁殖色彩明显。是这样一个障碍，它肯定涉及到成本。我通过在10周的时间里改变五组刺鱼每日食物供应的能量含量，检查了繁殖色素的能量成本。营养类胡萝卜素水平，即用于繁殖着色的色素，对所有鱼类来说都是恒定的。他们的条件因子的增加和他们最终达到的条件水平都与小组的食物配给呈正相关。在实验过程中病情加重的个体出现了更强烈的红色。然而，在实验结束时，食物数量和红色繁殖颜色之间并不存在直接的关联。然而，由于色素的可获得性有限，繁殖的色素仍然存在差异，而且色素的新陈代谢成本足以使其成为一个诚实的信号：雌性刺鱼可以分别通过雄性蓝眼睛(不是基于类胡萝卜素的颜色，因此其色素在食物中不受控制)和红色下巴的颜色强度来评估其状况和过去几周的状况变化。一条雄鱼在长度的增加和状态的增加上投入了多少(彼此负相关)，似乎至少在一定程度上是它自己的战略决定，这可能会对争夺雌性配偶产生重要影响。最终，雄性刺鱼似乎会用他红色的下巴发出这个决定的信号。
A necessary condition of most models of intersexual selection requires that secondary sexual traits are costly so that cheating is prevented. If the conspicuous breeding colouration of male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) is such a handicap, it must involve costs. I examined the energetic costs of the breeding colouration by varying the energy contents of the daily food supply among five groups of sticklebacks over a 10 week period. The nutritional carotenoid level, i.e. the colour pigment used in the breeding colouration, was constant for all fish. Both the increase of their condition factor and the condition level they finally achieved correlated positively with the food ration of the groups. Individuals whose condition increased during the experiment developed a more intensive red colouration. However, a direct correlation between food quantity and the red breeding colouration reached at the end of the experiment did not exist. Nevertheless, given the limitation of pigment availability, there was still variation in the breeding colouration and the costs for the metabolism of the colouration were sufficient to render it an honest signal: a female stickleback can assess a male's condition and condition change over the past few weeks by the intensity of the colour of his blue eyes (which is not based on carotenoids and whose pigments were therefore not controlled in the food) and his red jaw, respectively. How much an individual male fish invests in increase of length and increase of condition (which correlate negatively with each other) seems to be, at least partly, his own strategic decision, which could have important consequences in the competition for female mates. It is eventually this decision that a male stickleback seems to signal with his red jaw.