Social information use and social learning in non-grouping fishes

Social information use and social learning in non-grouping fishes
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非分组鱼类的社会信息使用和社会学习

DOI:
10.1093/beheco/arx121
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
2.4
通讯作者:
Webster M
Webster M
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Webster M

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尽管人们很自然地期望群居动物能够利用社会学习,但对非群居物种的期望则不太明确。只有少数研究探讨了社交性和社会学习之间的关系。在这里,我们展示了 4 种非分组鱼类:十五刺鱼 (Spinachia spinachia)、牛头杜父鱼 (Cottus gobio)、石泥鳅 (Barbatula barbatula) 和幼年欧洲比目鱼 (Platichthys flesus),以及形成浅滩的异种鱼群三刺鱼 (Gasterosteus aculeatus) 提供的社会信息。使用二元选择程序,我们允许个体测试对象在模拟的猎物斑块之间进行选择。尽管测试对象无法直接对斑块进行采样,但他们能够使用异种演示者生成的信息来选择两个斑块中“更丰富”的一个。为了进行比较,我们还记录了 2 个浅水物种、三刺棘鱼和九刺棘鱼 (Pungitius pungitius) 的社会信息使用情况。我们在所有 6 个物种中都看到了社会信息使用和社会学习的证据,在社会和非群体物种之间没有发现差异。我们认为,社会学习不太可能仅限于群体生活的物种,因为许多独居物种也经常受到来自同种和异种的社会刺激,并且可以从使用社会信息中受益。我们建议研究人员对社会学习背后的感觉、感知和认知机制以及这些在分组和非分组物种之间存在差异(如果有的话)的程度有很多了解。
Although it is natural to expect that group-living animals will utilize social learning, the expectation for non-grouping species is less clear. Only a few studies have explored the relationship between sociality and social learning. Here we presented 4 non-grouping fish species, fifteenspine sticklebacks (Spinachia spinachia), bullhead sculpins (Cottus gobio), stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) and juvenile European flounders (Platichthys flesus) with social information provided by groups of a shoal-forming heterospecific, the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Using a binary choice procedure we allowed individual test subjects to select between simulated prey patches. Although the test subjects could not sample the patches directly they were able to use information generated by the heterospecific demonstrators to select the “richer” of the 2 patches. For comparison we also recorded social information use in 2 shoaling species, threespine, and ninespine sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius). We saw evidence of social information use and social learning in all 6 species, with no differences seen between social and non-grouping species. We argue that social learning is not likely to be restricted to group-living species, since many solitary species too are regularly exposed to social stimuli from both conspecifics and heterospecifics, and can benefit from using social information. We suggest that researchers have much to learn about the sensory, perceptive, and cognitive mechanisms underlying social learning, and the extent to which these vary (if at all) between grouping and non-grouping species.
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