A behavioral logic underlying aggression in an African cichlid fish
A behavioral logic underlying aggression in an African cichlid fish
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DOI：
10.1111/eth.13164
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发表时间：
2021-05-18
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Hoadley, Andrew P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alward, Beau A.;Cathers, Phillip H.;Hoadley, Andrew P.
等级制度中的社会等级决定了哪些人可以获得重要资源，例如食物、住所和伴侣。在非洲丽鱼科鱼 Astatotilapia burtoni 中，等级受到社会控制，因此较大的雄性比较小的雄性更有可能在等级中占主导地位。尽管众所周知，伯托尼雄性的相对大小对于控制社会等级至关重要，但对不同体型的雄性做出反应的具体行为尚不清楚。在许多其他鱼类中，当竞争的雄性之间的体型不对称较小时，身体攻击很可能被用来解决领土争端。我们的目标是通过进行居民-入侵者测定来表征雄性A. burtoni的这些反应，其中测量了领地雄性对相对标准长度（SL）不同的陌生雄性的引入的攻击行为。我们发现入侵者的相对 SL 在决定行为表现方面发挥着重要作用。比入侵者小（SL中的居民小> 5％）或体型与入侵者匹配（SL中的居民小或大0到5％之间）的常驻男性比比入侵者大的常驻男性（SL中的居民大> 5％）表现出更多的横向展示，这是一种非身体攻击。然而，身体攻击（例如追逐和撕咬）并没有随相对 SL 的变化而变化。因此，与基于其他物种研究的预期相反，我们的结果表明，当非优势入侵者体型更接近时，占优势的居民A. burtoni会增加非身体攻击来解决领土争端。当规模不对称较小时，这种行为策略可能有助于轻松解决冲突。
Social rank in a hierarchy determines which individuals have access to important resources such as food, shelter, and mates. In the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, rank is under social control, such that larger males are more likely than smaller males to be dominant in rank. Although it is well known that the relative size of A. burtoni males is critical in controlling social rank, the specific behaviors underlying responses to males of different sizes are not well understood. In many other fish species, when size asymmetries between competing males are small, physical aggression is likely to be used to settle territorial disputes. Our goal was to characterize these responses in male A. burtoni by performing resident-intruder assays, in which aggressive behaviors were measured in territorial males in response to the introduction of unfamiliar males that differed in relative standard length (SL). We found that the relative SL of intruders played an important role in determining behavioral performance. Resident males that were smaller than the intruder (resident >5% smaller in SL) or matched (resident between 0 and 5% smaller or larger in SL) in size to the intruder performed more lateral displays, a type of non-physical aggression, than resident males that were larger than the intruder (resident >5% larger in SL). However, physical aggression, such as chases and bites, did not differ as a function of relative SL. Thus, contrary to what was expected based on work in other species, our results demonstrate that dominant resident A. burtoni increase non-physical aggression to settle territorial disputes when non-dominant intruders are closer in size. This behavioral strategy may aid in readily settling conflicts when size asymmetries are small.