How amino acids get into cells: mechanisms, models, menus, and mediators.
How amino acids get into cells: mechanisms, models, menus, and mediators.
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DOI：
10.1177/0148607192016006569
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发表时间：
1992-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Souba;A. J. Pacitti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Souba;A. J. Pacitti
血液提供了一个容易获得的氨基酸库，它可以被身体的所有细胞吸收，以支持生命所必需的无数生化反应。通过功能和生物化学上不同的氨基酸转运系统将氨基酸转运到细胞质中，所述氨基酸转运系统已经基于其氨基酸选择性和物理化学性质而被定义。每个系统大概涉及一个独立的假定膜结合转运蛋白，其位于细胞膜内，并发挥将氨基酸从细胞外环境转运到细胞质中的功能。这些转运蛋白中的许多需要钠来实现最大活性。钠依赖性模型是一致的“首选随机”动力学，钠结合优先氨基酸之前。转运蛋白作为一种酶，催化其结合的氨基酸（和钠）进入细胞。在这篇综述中，作者提供了载体介导的氨基酸转运机制的概念性观点，以及可用于实验室研究这一过程的各种模型的概述。此外，完成运输和他们的营养，激素和其他媒介物的危重疾病的监管机构进行了讨论。
The bloodstream provides a readily available pool of amino acids, which can be taken up by all cells of the body to support the myriad of biochemical reactions that are essential for life. The transport of amino acids into the cytoplasm occurs via functionally and biochemically distinct amino acid transport systems that have been defined on the basis of their amino acid selectivities and physico-chemical properties. Each system presumably relates to a discrete putative membrane-bound transporter protein that resides within the cell membrane and functions to translocate the amino acid from the extracellular environment into the cytoplasm. Many of these transporters require sodium for maximal activity. The sodium-dependent model presented is consistent with "preferred random" kinetics, with sodium binding preferentially before the amino acid. The transporter acts as an enzyme that catalyzes the movement of its bound amino acid (and sodium) into the cell. In this review, the authors provide a conceptual view of the mechanism of carrier-mediated amino acid transport as well as an overview of the various models that can be used in the laboratory to study this process. In addition, the known agencies that accomplish transport and their regulation by nutrition, hormones, and other mediators of critical illness are discussed.