Infectious diseases of Busan, the capital of evacuation, and support activities of the UN Civil Assistant Command
Infectious diseases of Busan, the capital of evacuation, and support activities of the UN Civil Assistant Command
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DOI：
10.19169/hd.2022.2.43.37
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发表时间：
2022-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cho, Sung Hun
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作者：
Cho, Sung Hun
战争爆发后，随着难民的涌入，釜山的疫情严重增加。釜山的人口为883，339人，包括1951年6月初的约270，000名难民。其中，天花疫苗接种占69.3%，伤寒疫苗接种占62.6%，斑疹伤寒疫苗接种占75.7%。从1951年1月1日至1954年7月1日，庆尚南道包括釜山在内的160%的人口接种了天花疫苗，200%的人口接种了伤寒疫苗，98%的人口接种了斑疹伤寒疫苗。在这样的有效控制下，1951年10月以后，釜山的传染病一直处于稳定状态。这意味着联合国科索沃临时行政当局援助中心的公共卫生政策成功地克服了医务人员短缺、医疗设施和冰箱不足的问题。除了接种疫苗，获得的疫苗比人口还多，甚至动员了警察，滴滴涕不仅喷洒在个人身上，还喷洒在房屋，公共建筑和厕所上。在韩国政府和釜山市的合作下，水消毒和供水扩大和清洁运动，以及收集粪便、污物和垃圾的人力，以及卡车、手推车和牛车，也有助于改善卫生条件。此外，将釜山的难民从最初的35万人充分分散到27万人也是一项有意义的措施。防疫工作一直成功到1952年底。但是，在预防措施方面存在漏洞，例如1953年2月初，釜山爆发了69起天花疫情，造成24人死亡。另一方面，结核病被疫情防控推到一边，直到1952年才全面实施措施。1952年2月下旬，试验在釜山开始，10万人完成了试验，接种范围扩大到儿童。由于目标有限，战后有必要采取全面的预防措施。
After the outbreak of the war, the number of epidemics increased seriously in Busan with the rushing number of refugees. The population of Busan was 883,339, including about 270,000 refugees in the early June 1951. Among them, smallpox vaccination accounted for 69.3%, typhoid vaccination 62.6%, and typhus 75.7%. From January 1, 1951 to July 1, 1954, smallpox vaccination in Gyeongsangnam-do including Busan, reached 160% of the population, 200% of typhoid, and 98% of typhus.With such an effective control, after October 1951, the infectious diseases in Busan had been stable. This means the success of the UNCACK's public health policy overcoming shortages of medical personnel, low medical facilities, and refrigerators. In addition to vaccinations that have secured more vaccines than the population and mobilized even policemen, DDT was sprayed not only on individuals but also on houses, public buildings, and toilets. In cooperation with the Korean government and Busan City, the improvement of sanitary conditions was also helped by the water disinfection and water supply expansion and cleaning campaigns, as well as manpower to collect excrement, filth, and garbage, and trucks, handcarts, and oxcarts. Also, it was a meaningful measure to adequately disperse the refugees in Busan from the initial 350,000 to 270,000.The epidemic prevention performance that had been successful until the end of 1952. But there were loopholes in the prevention measures such as omission of vaccination for children and avoidance of quarantine in early February 1953, the case of 69 smallpox outbreaks and 24 deaths in Busan. On the other hand, tuberculosis was pushed aside by the epidemic prevention and control, and full-scale measures were not implemented until 1952. In late February 1952, the test started in Busan, and 100,000 people completed the test, and the vaccination was expanded to children. As the target was limited, full-scale preventive measures were necessary after the war.