Production of functional oocytes requires maternally expressed PIWI genes and piRNAs in golden hamsters
Production of functional oocytes requires maternally expressed PIWI genes and piRNAs in golden hamsters
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DOI：
10.1038/s41556-021-00745-3
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发表时间：
2021-09-06
影响因子：
21.3
通讯作者：
Siomi, Haruhiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hasuwa, Hidetoshi;Iwasaki, Yuka W.;Siomi, Haruhiko
一组三篇论文报道，基于在金黄仓鼠中进行的遗传扰动实验，皮尔纳途径对哺乳动物雌性生育力至关重要。许多动物都有一个保守的适应性基因组防御系统，称为Piwi相互作用RNA（皮尔纳）途径，它对生殖细胞的发育和功能至关重要。单个小鼠Piwi基因的破坏导致雄性而不是雌性不育，从而导致假设PIWI基因在哺乳动物卵母细胞中起很少或没有作用。在这里，我们报告的一代PIWI缺陷的金黄色仓鼠，有缺陷的功能卵母细胞的生产。所涉及的机制在仓鼠PIWI基因中各不相同，其中PIWIL 1的缺乏对基因表达具有重大影响，包括仓鼠特异性年轻转座子去沉默，而PIWIL 3缺乏对卵母细胞中的基因表达几乎没有影响，尽管DNA甲基化在PIWIL 3缺乏的卵母细胞中降低到一定程度。我们的研究结果为开发有用的模型以研究哺乳动物卵母细胞（包括人类）中的皮尔纳通路奠定了基础。
A set of three papers reports that the piRNA pathway is essential for mammalian female fertility based on genetic perturbation experiments performed in golden hamsters.Many animals have a conserved adaptive genome defence system known as the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway, which is essential for germ cell development and function. Disruption of individual mouse Piwi genes results in male but not female sterility, leading to the assumption that PIWI genes play little or no role in mammalian oocytes. Here, we report the generation of PIWI-defective golden hamsters, which have defects in the production of functional oocytes. The mechanisms involved vary among the hamster PIWI genes, whereby the lack of PIWIL1 has a major impact on gene expression, including hamster-specific young transposon de-silencing, whereas PIWIL3 deficiency has little impact on gene expression in oocytes, although DNA methylation was reduced to some extent in PIWIL3-deficient oocytes. Our findings serve as the foundation for developing useful models to study the piRNA pathway in mammalian oocytes, including humans.