Has Scotland always been the 'sick man' of Europe? An observational study from 1855 to 2006.
Has Scotland always been the 'sick man' of Europe? An observational study from 1855 to 2006.
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苏格兰一直是欧洲的“病人”？ 1855年至2006年的观察性研究。
DOI：
10.1093/eurpub/ckr136
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发表时间：
2012-12
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Collins C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCartney G;Walsh D;Whyte B;Collins C
背景：与其他西欧国家相比，苏格兰的死亡率较高，因此被称为“欧洲病夫”。目前尚不清楚苏格兰死亡率较高的时间长度。苏格兰死亡率较高的根本原因仍然难以捉摸。研究方法：人类死亡率数据库中的预期寿命数据是从1850年左右开始的，主要是欧洲富裕国家的数据。结果如下：从世纪中期到1950年左右，苏格兰的预期寿命在人类死亡率数据库所列国家中处于中等水平。1950年后，苏格兰人的预期寿命增长速度慢于其他富裕国家，但在过去30年里进一步下滑。苏格兰人的预期寿命现在介于西欧和东欧国家之间。1981年后，美国的预期寿命趋势也出现了明显的动摇。预期寿命与经济自由度指数之间存在负相关，因此，更大的新自由主义与预期寿命的较小增加或减少相关。结论：自1950年左右以来，苏格兰的预期寿命一直相对较低。从1980年起，苏格兰、美国以及在更大程度上前苏联的预期寿命显示出进一步的相对下降。有人认为，苏格兰在联合王国的各个国家中受到了不成比例的新自由主义的影响，这里的证据既支持这一建议，也突出了其他可能遭受类似影响的国家。
Background: Scotland has been dubbed ‘the sick man of Europe’ on account of its higher mortality rates compared with other western European countries. It is not clear the length of time for which Scotland has had higher mortality rates. The root causes of the higher mortality in Scotland remain elusive. Methods: Life expectancy data from the Human Mortality Database were tabulated and graphed for a selection of wealthy, mainly European countries from around 1850 onwards. Results: Scotland had a life expectancy in the mid-range of countries included in the Human Mortality Database from the mid-19th century until around 1950. After 1950, Scottish life expectancy improved at a slower rate than in comparably wealthy nations before further faltering during the last 30 years. Scottish life expectancy now lies between that of western European and eastern European nations. The USA also displays a marked faltering in its life expectancy trend after 1981. There is an inverse association between life expectancy and the Index of Economic Freedom such that greater neoliberalism is associated with a smaller increase, or a decrease, in life expectancy. Conclusion: Life expectancy in Scotland has only been relatively low since around 1950. From 1980, life expectancy in Scotland, the USA and, to a greater extent, the former USSR displays a further relative faltering. It has been suggested that Scotland suffered disproportionately from the adoption of neoliberalism across the nations of the UK, and the evidence here both supports this suggestion and highlights other countries which may have suffered similarly.
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影响因子：
105.7
作者：
Thomas, Bethan;Dorling, Danny;Smith, George Davey
通讯作者：
Smith, George Davey
影响因子：
2
作者：
Taylor-Gooby, Peter;Stoker, Gerry
通讯作者：
Stoker, Gerry
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Walsh, D.;Bendel, N.;Hanlon, P.
通讯作者：
Hanlon, P.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Hanlon, P;Lawder, RS;Chalmers, J
通讯作者：
Chalmers, J
影响因子：
105.7
作者：
Shaw, M;Smith, GD;Dorling, D
通讯作者：
Dorling, D