Gender identity and expression in relation to depression and anxiety in racial and ethnic minority youth: Evaluations of intersectionality in a population-based study.
Gender identity and expression in relation to depression and anxiety in racial and ethnic minority youth: Evaluations of intersectionality in a population-based study.
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性别认同和表达与种族和少数民族青年抑郁和焦虑相关：基于人口的研究中交叉性的评估。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.023
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Liu,RichardT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Turnamian,MargaridR;Liu,RichardT
跨性别和性别不符合（TGNC）的青少年经历了更高的抑郁和焦虑率。这些结果在种族和少数民族人群中的风险尚不清楚。本研究旨在以人口为基础的样本中，检查种族和民族交叉点的抑郁和焦虑差异以及TGNC状态。数据来自2019年明尼苏达州学生调查。学生（n= 119648）完成了关于他们的种族、民族、性别认同和表达、抑郁和焦虑的问题。结果在种族和民族群体中，TGNC青年普遍有更高的抑郁和焦虑风险。性别少数群体认同的显著关联范围从不认为自己是男性的黑人青年的or抑郁= 2.25到不认为自己是女性的非少数族裔青年的or抑郁= 5.08。对于顺性青年的感知性别表达，显著关联范围为：出生时被指定为女性的黑人青年抑郁= 1.17，出生时被指定为女性的其他少数民族青年焦虑= 1.17，出生时被指定为女性的非少数民族青年抑郁= 1.46，出生时被指定为男性的美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加土著青年焦虑= 1.46。在tgnc青年的比较中，相对于白人同龄人，产生了一些种族/民族差异。顺性别女性的ORAnxiety= 0.53至ORAnxiety= 1.41之间存在显著差异。局限性横断面数据限制了我们检验因果关系的能力。结论：多少数民族青年的抑郁和焦虑风险并非普遍增加，这表明交叉框架对于理解TGNC青年这些结果的风险很重要。未来的研究需要确定潜在的风险和保护因素，以推进对多少数民族TGNC青年人群的筛查和治疗策略。
IntroductionTransgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) youth experience higher rates of depression and anxiety. Risk for these outcomes in racial and ethnic minority populations remains unclear. This study aimed to examine disparities in depression and anxiety at the intersection of race and ethnicity and TGNC status in a population-based sample.MethodsData were from the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey. Students (n= 119,648) completed questions about their race, ethnicity, gender identity and expression, depression, and anxiety.ResultsWithin racial and ethnic groups, TGNC youth generally had greater risk for depression and anxiety. Significant associations for gender minority identity ranged from ORDepression= 2.25 for Black youth who do not identify as male to ORDepression= 5.08 for non-minority ethnicity youth who do not identify as female. For perceived gender expression in cisgender youth, significant associations ranged from ORDepression= 1.17 for Black youth assigned female at birth and ORAnxiety= 1.17 for other-minority ethnicity youth assigned female at birth to ORDepression= 1.46 for non-minority ethnicity youth assigned female at birth and ORAnxiety= 1.46 for American Indian/Alaskan Native youth assigned male at birth. Within-TGNC-youth comparisons yielded a few racial/ethnic differences relative to White peers. Significant differences ranged from ORAnxiety= 0.53 to ORAnxiety= 1.41 for cisgender females.LimitationsThe cross-sectional data limits our ability to test causation.ConclusionsMultiple-minority youth were not universally at increased risk for depression and anxiety, indicating an intersectional framework is important for understanding risk for these outcomes in TGNC youth. Future research identifying potential risk and protective factors is needed to advance screening and treatment strategies for multiple-minority TGNC youth populations.