Halogen Atom Participation in Guiding the Stereochemical Outcomes of Acetal Substitution Reactions.
Halogen Atom Participation in Guiding the Stereochemical Outcomes of Acetal Substitution Reactions.
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DOI:
10.1002/anie.202209401
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发表时间:
2022-10-17
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Woerpel, K. A.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Demkiw, Krystyna M.;Remmerswaal, Wouter A.;Hansen, Thomas;van der Marel, Gijsbert A.;Codee, Jeroen D. C.;Woerpel, K. A.
Acetal substitution reactions of α‐halogenated five‐ and six‐membered rings can be highly stereoselective. Erosion of stereoselectivity occurs as nucleophilicity increases, which is consistent with additions to a halogen‐stabilized oxocarbenium ion, not a three‐membered‐ring halonium ion. Computational investigations confirmed that the open‐form oxocarbenium ions are the reactive intermediates involved. Kinetic studies suggest that hyperconjugative effects and through‐space electrostatic interactions can both contribute to the stabilization of halogen‐substituted oxocarbenium ions. Nucleophilic additions to α‐haloacetals proceed via an oxocarbenium ion intermediate where the carbon‐halogen bond can either adopt a pseudo‐axial or a pseudo‐equatorial position. trans‐Selectivity is typically observed when a halogen atom is positioned at C‐2 of an acetal because hyperconjugative interactions involving the pseudo‐axial carbon‐halogen bond stabilize the oxocarbenium ion intermediate.
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