Mostly Automated Verification of Liveness Properties for Distributed Protocols with Ranking Functions
Mostly Automated Verification of Liveness Properties for Distributed Protocols with Ranking Functions
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具有排名功能的分布式协议的活性属性的自动验证
DOI:
10.1145/3632877
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发表时间:
2024
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Nieh, Jason
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yao, Jianan;Tao, Runzhou;Gu, Ronghui;Nieh, Jason
Distributed protocols have long been formulated in terms of their safety and liveness properties. Much recent work has focused on automatically verifying the safety properties of distributed protocols, but doing so for liveness properties has remained a challenging, unsolved problem. We present LVR, the first framework that can mostly automatically verify liveness properties for distributed protocols. Our key insight is that most liveness properties for distributed protocols can be reduced to a set of safety properties with the help of ranking functions. Such ranking functions for practical distributed protocols have certain properties that make them straightforward to synthesize, contrary to conventional wisdom. We prove that verifying a liveness property can then be reduced to a simpler problem of verifying a set of safety properties, namely that the ranking function is strictly decreasing and nonnegative for any protocol state transition, and there is no deadlock. LVR automatically synthesizes ranking functions by formulating a parameterized function of integer protocol variables, statically analyzing the lower and upper bounds of the variables as well as how much they can change on each state transition, then feeding the constraints to an SMT solver to determine the coefficients of the ranking function. It then uses an off-the-shelf verification tool to find inductive invariants to verify safety properties for both ranking functions and deadlock freedom. We show that LVR can mostly automatically verify the liveness properties of several distributed protocols, including various versions of Paxos, with limited user guidance.
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