Nonassociative Learning in Invertebrates
Nonassociative Learning in Invertebrates
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a021675
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Hawkins, Robert D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Byrne, John H.;Hawkins, Robert D.
无脊椎动物中调节行为的神经回路的简单性和易处理性促进了学习神经机制的细胞/分子解剖。审查作为一个特别关注的一般原则，已经出现的非联想学习的例子分析，在海洋软体动物Aaprissia的敏感性。学习和记忆依赖于神经元回路多个部位的多种可塑性机制，不同部位对记忆的相对贡献随着训练程度和训练后时间的变化而变化。在突触传递中诱导短期修饰的相同细胞内信号级联也可用于诱导长期变化。虽然短期记忆依赖于预先存在的蛋白质的共价修饰，但长期记忆也需要调节基因转录和翻译。长期细胞记忆的维持涉及细胞内和细胞外反馈回路，其维持基因表达的调节和靶分子的修饰。
The simplicity and tractability of the neural circuits mediating behaviors in invertebrates have facilitated the cellular/molecular dissection of neural mechanisms underlying learning. The reviewhas a particular focus on the general principles that have emerged from analyses of an example of nonassociative learning, sensitization in the marine mollusk Aplysia. Learning and memory rely on multiple mechanisms of plasticity at multiple sites of the neuronal circuits, with the relative contribution to memory of the different sites varying as a function of the extent of training and time after training. The same intracellular signaling cascades that induce short-term modifications in synaptic transmission can also be used to induce longterm changes. Although short-term memory relies on covalent modifications of preexisting proteins, long-term memory also requires regulated gene transcription and translation. Maintenance of long-term cellular memory involves both intracellular and extracellular feedback loops, which sustain the regulation of gene expression and the modification of targeted molecules.