How children learn words.
How children learn words.
复制标题
孩子们如何学习单词。
DOI：
10.1038/scientificamerican0987-94
复制
发表时间：
1987
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Patricia Gildea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Miller;Patricia Gildea
对一个刚开始学说话的孩子来说，人们最能意识到孩子对语言的掌握是有限的。人们往往忽视的是孩子成就的巨大性。简单地学习词汇是一项艰巨的任务。事实是，在开始说话后的许多年里，孩子每天以超过10个的速度学习新单词！然而，人们对孩子们是如何做到这一点的却知之甚少。当然，他们并不是通过记忆字典词条来做到这一点的。我们和其他研究人员的发现表明，通过送孩子去字典来建立词汇量的正式努力并不像大多数家长和老师所认为的那样有效。我们正在探索一种可能性，即一个计算机程序提供有关在故事背景下遇到的新词的词汇信息可能会更有效。当成年人开始学习一门新语言时，他们知道会发生什么。他们意识到他们将不得不学习一种新的发音、新的语法、新的词汇和新的语言使用风格。他们知道，在他们能够流利地使用这门新语言之前，他们将不得不每天花很多时间。然而，他们也知道，他们将能够依靠老师用他们的第一语言解释他们需要学习的关于第二语言的每一件事。由于没有语言，他们不能被告知他们需要学习什么。然而，到三岁时，他们将掌握他们母语的基本结构，并将在他们的沟通能力的道路上。获得他们的第一语言是许多人将完成的最令人印象深刻的智力壮举。孩子们如何学习语言-
L'stening to a child who is just learning to talk, one is most aware of the child's limited command of the language. What one tends to overlook is the sheer mag nitude of the child's achievement. Simply learning the vocabulary is an enormous undertaking. The fact is that for many years after starting to talk a child learns new words at a rate of more than 10 per day! Yet little is known about how children do it. Cer tainly they do not do it by memoriz ing dictionary entries. Our findings and those of other workers suggest that formal efforts to build vocabu lary by sending children to the dic tionary are less effective than most parents and teachers believe. We are exploring the possibility that a computer program providing lexi cal information about new words en countered in the context of a story might be more effective. When adults set out to learn a new language, they know what is in store. They realize they will have to learn a new pronunciation, a new grammar, a new vocabulary and a new style of using language. They know they will have to spend many hours every day for years before they can call them selves fluent in the new language. They also know, however, that they will be able to rely on teachers to ex plain, in their first language, every thing they need to learn about the second language.How different it is for infants. Hav ing no language, they cannot be told what they need to learn. Yet by the age of three they will have mas tered the basic structure of their na tive language and will be well on their way to communicative compe tence. Acquiring their first language is the most impressive intellectual feat many people will ever perform. Students of how children learn lan-