Liberation and Redistribution: Social Grants, Commercial Insurance, and Religious Riches in South Africa
Liberation and Redistribution: Social Grants, Commercial Insurance, and Religious Riches in South Africa
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解放与再分配：南非的社会补助、商业保险和宗教财富
DOI：
10.1017/s0010417511000090
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
E. Bähre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Bähre
以1994年第一次民主选举为标志的南非解放，带来了前所未有的大规模再分配安排的扩大。在后种族隔离时期，向匿名和官僚管理的中央基金筹集资金已获得社会和政治重要性，特别是对贫穷和中下阶层的非洲人来说。这一点在政府社会援助的迅速扩大中最为明显--从1997年到2006年，社会补助金的受益者人数从300万人增加到近1100万人，今天至少有四分之一的南非家庭领取福利金。自2001年以来，社会援助“一直是增长最快的政府支出类别，现在达到每年700亿兰特[2006年近70亿美元]，约占国内生产总值的3.4%”。在目前关于为所有南非人建立基本收入补助金(BIG)的辩论中，再分配的中心地位显而易见。政治解放还通过国家重建和发展方案和黑人经济赋权赠款等发展项目带来了更多的再分配。
South Africa's liberation, marked by the first democratic elections of 1994, ushered in an unprecedented expansion of large-scale redistributive arrangements. In the post-apartheid period, the collection of money into a central fund administered anonymously and bureaucratically has gained social and political importance, particularly for poor and lower-middle-class Africans. This is most evident in a rapid expansion of government social assistance—from 1997 to 2006 the number of beneficiaries of social grants increased from three to almost eleven million, and today at least a quarter of South African households receive welfare payments. Social assistance “has been the fastest-growing category of government expenditure since 2001, and now amounts to R70 billion [almost US$7 billion in 2006] a year, about 3.4 percent of gross domestic product.” The centrality of redistribution is clear in current debates over the establishment of a Basic Income Grant (BIG) for all South Africans. Political liberation has also brought an increase in redistribution through development projects such as the National Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) and Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) grants.