Long-term management impacts on soil C, N and physical fertility - Part 1: Broadbalk experiment
Long-term management impacts on soil C, N and physical fertility - Part 1: Broadbalk experiment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.still.2005.11.002
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Poulton, P. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blair, Nelly;Faulkner, R. D.;Poulton, P. R.
几个世纪以来，肥料施用到土壤中一直是常见的做法。有机改良剂和化肥的施用可以增加作物产量和土壤有机质（SOM）。然而，对土壤物理肥力的长期影响往往被忽视。这项研究是在英国罗萨姆斯特德的Broadbalk小麦实验中进行的，该实验于1843年在Aquic/ Typic Paleudalf土壤上建立。研究了施用农家肥、氮肥和麦秸对小麦（Triticum aestivum）及其邻近林地和草地土壤总有机碳（C-T）、活性碳（C-L）、非活性碳（C-NL）、全氮（N-T）、平均重径（MWD）和非饱和导水率（K-unsat）的影响。有机肥添加，氮肥和秸秆还田增加了所有C组分，特别是C-L组分。施用35 t ha（-1）a（-1）FYM使C-T增加到对照（不施肥）处理的2.5倍，C-L增加到对照的5倍。在施氮量最高和秸秆还田的条件下，C-T和C-L分别是对照的1.3倍和1.5倍。施氮量与各碳组分之间呈线性关系，秸秆比秸秆去除率增加近一倍。施用有机肥改善了MWD，高氮肥添加秸秆还田也是如此。施用氮肥只增加MWD和K-unsat（在10毫米的张力），如果秸秆还田，而增加粪肥导致减少K-unsat。高氮、秸秆还田处理的钾素不饱和率最高。未耕作区土壤结构稳定性较高。在高C土壤中，所有C组分与NT和MWD之间都存在类似的关系，但在低C土壤中，与C-L的关系比其他C组分强得多。这些结果表明，低C浓度的土壤更依赖于C-L结构稳定。(c)2005 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
For many centuries manure application to the soil has been common practice. Organic amendments and fertiliser applications can increase crop yields and soil organic matter (SOM). However, the long-term impacts on soil physical fertility are often neglected. This study was carried out on the Broadbalk Wheat Experiment at Rothamsted, UK, established in 1843 on an Aquic/ Typic Paleudalf soil. Application of farmyard manure (FYM), N fertiliser and wheat straw on total organic C (C-T), labile C (C-L) and non-labile C (C-NL), total N (N-T), mean weight diameter (MWD) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K-unsat) were studied on wheat (Triticum aestivum) and adjacent woodland and pasture areas. Manure additions, N fertiliser and straw incorporation increased all C fractions, particularly the C-L fraction. The addition of 35 t ha(-1) year(-1) of FYM increased C-T to 2.5 times that of the control (no fertiliser) treatment and C-L to 5 times that of the control. With highest N application and straw returned, C-T increased by 1.3 times and C-L by 1.5 times that of the control treatment. There were linear relationships between rate of N fertiliser applied and all C fractions, with the rate of increase almost double with straw than straw removed. Manure application improved MWD, as did high N fertiliser additions with straw returned. Application of N fertiliser only increased MWD and K-unsat (at 10 mm tension) if straw was returned, while the addition of manure resulted in decreased K-unsat. The highest K-unsat rate was on the high N fertiliser, straw returned treatments. The uncropped areas all had high soil structural stability. Similar relationships occurred between all C fractions and NT and MWD for the high C soils, but relationships were much stronger with C-L than the other C fractions in the low C soils. These results showed that soils with low C concentration are more reliant on C-L for structural stability. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.