Enhancing Cognitive Abilities with Comprehensive Training: A Large, Online, Randomized, Active-Controlled Trial.
Enhancing Cognitive Abilities with Comprehensive Training: A Large, Online, Randomized, Active-Controlled Trial.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0134467
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Scanlon M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hardy JL;Nelson RA;Thomason ME;Sternberg DA;Katovich K;Farzin F;Scanlon M
各种各样的研究表明，认知训练干预后，认知能力有所提高。然而，其他研究并没有显示出这样的收益，关于特定认知训练干预的有效性仍然存在问题。认知训练研究通常只包括一个或几个练习，目标是有限的和特定的认知终点。此外，认知训练研究通常涉及小样本，可能不足以可靠地测量变化。其他研究利用的训练时间太短，无法在认知表现上产生可靠的提高。目前的研究评估了一项在线认知训练计划，该计划包括49项针对各种认知能力的练习。认知训练项目与参与者完成填字游戏的主动控制条件进行了比较。所有参与者都被招募、培训和在线测试（N = 4,715名完全可评估的参与者）。两组参与者都被要求在10周内每周至少5天完成一次大约15分钟的锻炼。随机分配到治疗组的参与者在主要结局指标（神经心理表现的综合指标）上的改善显著高于积极对照组（Cohen’s d效应值= 0.255；95%可信区间=[0.198,0.312]）。接受治疗的参与者在处理速度、短期记忆、工作记忆、解决问题和流动推理评估方面比对照组表现出更大的改善。与对照组相比，治疗组的参与者在自我报告的认知功能测量方面也表现出更大的改善，特别是在与注意力相关的项目上（Cohen’s d = 0.249； 95%可信区间=[0.191,0.306]）。综上所述，这些结果表明，由许多针对不同认知功能的任务组成的各种训练计划可以显示出对认知表现的广泛未经训练的测量的转移。ClinicalTrials.gov nct - 02367898
A variety of studies have demonstrated gains in cognitive ability following cognitive training interventions. However, other studies have not shown such gains, and questions remain regarding the efficacy of specific cognitive training interventions. Cognitive training research often involves programs made up of just one or a few exercises, targeting limited and specific cognitive endpoints. In addition, cognitive training studies typically involve small samples that may be insufficient for reliable measurement of change. Other studies have utilized training periods that were too short to generate reliable gains in cognitive performance. The present study evaluated an online cognitive training program comprised of 49 exercises targeting a variety of cognitive capacities. The cognitive training program was compared to an active control condition in which participants completed crossword puzzles. All participants were recruited, trained, and tested online (N = 4,715 fully evaluable participants). Participants in both groups were instructed to complete one approximately 15-minute session at least 5 days per week for 10 weeks. Participants randomly assigned to the treatment group improved significantly more on the primary outcome measure, an aggregate measure of neuropsychological performance, than did the active control group (Cohen’s d effect size = 0.255; 95% confidence interval = [0.198, 0.312]). Treatment participants showed greater improvements than controls on speed of processing, short-term memory, working memory, problem solving, and fluid reasoning assessments. Participants in the treatment group also showed greater improvements on self-reported measures of cognitive functioning, particularly on those items related to concentration compared to the control group (Cohen’s d = 0.249; 95% confidence interval = [0.191, 0.306]). Taken together, these results indicate that a varied training program composed of a number of tasks targeted to different cognitive functions can show transfer to a wide range of untrained measures of cognitive performance. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT-02367898