Prey capture in frogs: alternative strategies, biomechanical trade-offs, and hierarchical decision making.
Prey capture in frogs: alternative strategies, biomechanical trade-offs, and hierarchical decision making.
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青蛙捕获猎物：替代策略、生物力学权衡和分层决策。
DOI：
10.1002/jez.601
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nishikawa,Kiisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Monroy,JennaA;Nishikawa,Kiisa
青蛙表现出灵活的猎物捕获行为，这主要取决于猎物属性的视觉分析。我们回顾三个例子，如何视觉线索被用来调节猎物捕获策略。（1）豚鼠恶食螨根据猎物位置调节舌头瞄准功能。这些蛙只转动它们的头来捕捉位于方位角<40°的猎物。当方位角大于40°时，青蛙会从这种策略转变为头部和舌头都对准猎物的策略。（2）尖嘴蛙的摄食行为随猎物大小的变化而变化，捕食小猎物时用舌头张开，捕食大猎物时用下颚张开。(3)在Cyclorana novaehollanopsis中，猎物属性的视觉加工涉及层次决策。这些青蛙首先评估猎物的大小。对于大型猎物，它们忽略速度，但不忽略形状。对于小猎物，它们忽略形状但不忽略速度。替代的猎物捕获策略与生物力学权衡有关，这些权衡是由摄食装置和猎物不同属性之间的相互作用引起的。替代策略可能存在，因为生物力学的限制，防止任何一个策略是有效的猎物属性的范围。总之，这些研究强调了捕食者必须以某种方式同时调整猎物捕获运动学以适应猎物的多种属性的要求。在蛙类中，选择不同的捕食策略涉及到一个分层决策过程。等级决策预计将在动物中广泛传播。然而，除了人类之外，没有其他研究发现，人类经常使用这种方法来做出复杂的决定。Zool.315：61-71，2011.© 2010 Wiley利斯公司
Frogs exhibit flexible repertoires of prey‐capture behavior, which depend primarily on visual analysis of prey attributes. We review three examples of how visual cues are used to modulate prey‐capture strategies. (1)Dyscophus guinetimodulates tongue aiming in response to prey location. These frogs turn only their heads to apprehend prey located at azimuths <40°. At azimuths >40°, the frogs switch from this strategy to one in which both head and tongue are aimed toward prey. (2)Rana pipiensmodulates its feeding behavior in response to prey size, using tongue prehension for capturing small prey but switching to jaw prehension to capture large prey. (3) InCyclorana novaehollandiae, visual processing of prey attributes involves hierarchical decision making. These frogs first assess prey size. For large prey, they ignore velocity but not shape. For small prey, they ignore shape but not velocity. Alternative prey‐capture strategies are associated with biomechanical trade‐offs that result from the interaction between the feeding apparatus and varying attributes of prey. Alternative strategies likely exist because biomechanical constraints prevent any one strategy from being effective over a range of prey attributes. Taken together, these studies emphasize the requirement that predators must somehow tune prey‐capture kinematics simultaneously to multiple attributes of prey. In frogs, the choice among alternative prey‐capture strategies involves a hierarchical decision‐making process. Hierarchical decision making is expected to be widespread among animals. However, no previous studies were found except for humans, who frequently use this type of approach to make complex decisions.J. Exp. Zool. 315:61–71, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.