Desegregation and Black Dropout Rates
Desegregation and Black Dropout Rates
复制标题
废除种族隔离和黑人辍学率
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jonathan Guryan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jonathan Guryan
1954年，美国最高法院裁定，黑人和白色儿童的单独学校“本质上是不平等的”。本文研究了未来30年的废除种族隔离计划是否真的使计划所针对的黑人学生受益。对1970年和1980年人口普查数据的分析表明，20世纪70年代的废除种族隔离计划使黑人的高中辍学率在这十年中降低了1到3个百分点。1970年至1980年期间，黑人辍学率下降的一半可以归因于废除种族隔离计划。类似的分析表明，废除种族隔离计划对白人的辍学率没有影响。结果是强大的控制随时间变化的区域和家庭收入的影响，以及选择性迁移的测试，虽然均值回归可能占较大的估计影响的一部分。1970年对种族隔离学校的进一步调查表明，同伴效应至少可以解释废除种族隔离计划导致黑人辍学率下降的部分原因。
In 1954 the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that separate schools for black and white children were 'inherently unequal.' This paper studies whether the desegregation plans of the next 30 years in fact benefited the black students for whom the plans were designed. Analysis of data from the 1970 and 1980 censuses suggests that desegregation plans of the 1970's reduced the high school dropout rates of blacks by one to three percentage points during this decade. Desegregation plans can account for about half of the decline in dropout rates of blacks between 1970 and 1980. A similar analysis suggests that desegregation plans had no effect on the dropout rates of whites. The results are robust to controls for time-varying region and family income effects, as well as to tests for selective migration, though mean reversion may account for some portion of the larger estimated effects. Further investigation of conditions in segregated schools in 1970 suggests that peer effects explain at least some of the decline in the dropout rates of blacks due to desegregation plans.