An assessment of the ecosystem services of marine zooplankton and the key threats to their provision
An assessment of the ecosystem services of marine zooplankton and the key threats to their provision
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海洋浮游动物生态系统服务及其供应面临的主要威胁的评估
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoser.2023.101542
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Botterell Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Botterell Z
浮游动物是海洋食物网底部的一个关键生物群，对提供广泛的社会和经济利益至关重要，而这些利益以前仍未得到明确界定。这项研究通过提供对浮游动物生态系统服务和危害的第一次全面评估来解决这一知识差距。微塑料污染、气候变化和渔业等人为应激源可能对提供给人类的海洋生态系统服务产生负面影响，从而通过减少粮食安全、生计、收入和健康对人类福祉产生负面影响。采用包括半系统文献综述和生态影响评估在内的混合方法，我们提供了微塑料污染(高和低浓度)、渔业和气候变化对三个重要浮游动物类群(桡足类、水母和磷虾)生态系统服务影响的新证据。我们表明，除了气候变化对水母生态系统服务的影响外，对生态系统服务的大多数影响都是负面的。气候变化和高微塑料浓度被证明对桡足类和磷虾产生了最大的负面影响，并伴随着对气候调节、水条件、其他材料、科学和娱乐等生态系统服务的影响。较高的微塑料浓度也降低了为水母提供的生态系统服务，影响了遗传物质、气候调节、水条件、教育和娱乐的服务。渔业也被证明对所有三个浮游动物群体都有负面影响。就水母而言，气候变化被证明对该群体每一类生态系统服务的提供都有积极的影响，但经验体验除外，这与种群数量的增加成反比，因为它们因被叮咬伤害而产生负面看法。这项研究中提出的证据表明，通过维持可持续渔业、减少塑料污染和最大限度地减少气候变化，我们将积极投资于目前和未来提供的海洋生态系统服务以及它们所提供的人类福祉。
Zooplankton are a key group of organisms at the base of the marine food web and are fundamental to providing a broad range of societal and economic benefits which have previously remained poorly defined. This research addresses this knowledge gap through the provision of a first full assessment of zooplankton ecosystem services and disservices. Anthropogenic stressors such as microplastic pollution, climate change, and fisheries, could negatively affect the marine ecosystem services provided to humans and therefore have a negative impact on human well-being through reduction in food security, livelihoods, income, and good health. Deploying a mixed methodology approach including a semi-systematic literature review and ecological impact assessment, we provide novel evidence of the effects of microplastic pollution (high and low concentrations), fisheries, and climate change on the ecosystem services of three important zooplankton groups (copepods, jellyfish, and krill). We show that the majority of impacts on ecosystem services are negative, with the exception of climate change on jellyfish ecosystem services. Climate change and high microplastic concentration are evidenced to have the most substantial negative impacts on copepods and krill, with accompanying implications for the ecosystem services of climate regulation, water conditions, other materials, science, and entertainment. High microplastic concentration also depressed ecosystem service provision for jellyfish, impacting the services of genetic materials, climate regulation, water conditions, education, and entertainment. Fisheries are also evidenced to have negative impacts on all three zooplankton groups. In the case of jellyfish, climate change is evidenced to have a positive impact on the group’s ecosystem service provision in every category except experiential experiences, which is inversely related to increasing population, owing to their negative perception due to sting injuries. The evidence presented in this study shows that by maintaining sustainable fisheries, reducing plastic pollution, and minimising climate change, we will be actively investing in the current and future provision of marine ecosystem services and the human well-being benefits that they provide.
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