Quantifying net water consumption of Norwegian hydropower reservoirs and related aquatic biodiversity impacts in Life Cycle Assessment
Quantifying net water consumption of Norwegian hydropower reservoirs and related aquatic biodiversity impacts in Life Cycle Assessment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.eiar.2018.12.002
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Verones, Francesca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dorber, Martin;Mattson, Kim Rainer;Verones, Francesca
与传统能源技术相比，水力发电每千瓦时的碳排放量最低。因此，水力发电有助于应对气候变化挑战。然而，水力发电同时可能会造成环境影响，并且被认为是对水生生物多样性产生影响的大量用水者。生命周期评估尚无法评估全球范围内水力发电用水量对生物多样性的影响。在生命周期评估中评估这些生物多样性影响的第一步是量化每生产千瓦时能源的耗水量。我们计算出挪威特定流域的净耗水量介于 0 至 0.012 m(3)/kWh 之间。此外，我们开发了第一个特征因子，用于量化冰河后地区水消耗对水生生物多样性的影响。我们应用我们的方法来量化每千瓦时挪威水力发电对生物多样性的影响。我们的结果相差六个数量级，凸显了空间显式方法的重要性。这项研究有助于在生命周期评估中评估全球水消耗对生物多样性的影响。
Compared to conventional energy technologies, hydropower has the lowest carbon emissions per kWh. Therefore, hydropower electricity production can contribute to combat climate change challenges. However, hydropower electricity production may at the same time contribute to environmental impacts and has been characterized as a large water consumer with impacts on aquatic biodiversity. Life Cycle Assessment is not yet able to assess the biodiversity impact of water consumption from hydropower electricity production on a global scale. The first step to assess these biodiversity impacts in Life Cycle Assessment is to quantify the water consumption per kWh energy produced. We calculated catchment-specific net water consumption values for Norway ranging between 0 and 0.012 m(3)/kWh. Further, we developed the first characterization factors for quantifying the aquatic biodiversity impacts of water consumption in a post-glaciated region. We apply our approach to quantify the biodiversity impact per kWh Norwegian hydropower electricity. Our results vary over six orders of magnitude and highlight the importance of a spatial explicit approach. This study contributes to assessing the biodiversity impacts of water consumption globally in Life Cycle Assessment.