Revisiting the Evidence for Collapsing Boundaries and Urgency Signals in Perceptual Decision-Making
Revisiting the Evidence for Collapsing Boundaries and Urgency Signals in Perceptual Decision-Making
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2410-14.2015
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发表时间：
2015-02-11
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Brown, Scott D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hawkins, Guy E.;Forstmann, Birte U.;Brown, Scott D.
近50年来，关于决策的主流观点认为，噪声信息会不断积累，直到超过一个固定的阈值。这一解释已经被广泛地与行为和神经生理学数据进行了测试，用于对消费品、感知刺激、目击者证词、记忆和其他几十种范式的决策，模型和数据之间没有系统性的不匹配。最近，标准模型受到了其他观点的挑战，这些观点认为，随着时间的推移，触发决策所需的证据越来越少。这种“崩溃的边界”或“紧迫信号”在神经生理学的一些理论解释中得到了普及。尽管如此，支持这些模型的证据是混合的，与标准理论的几十种范式的长期支持相比，只有一小部分决策范式提供了支持。我们使用强大的模型选择方法对来自人类和非人类灵长类动物的数据进行了第一次大规模分析，以比较固定边界与塌陷边界的证据。总的来说，我们确定了支持具有固定决策边界的标准模型的证据。我们进一步发现，静态或动态响应边界的证据可能取决于特定的范式或程序，如任务实践的程度。我们的结论是，崩溃和固定边界模型之间的选择的困难在以前的研究中没有得到足够的重视，质疑以前的一些结果。
For nearly 50 years, the dominant account of decision-making holds that noisy information is accumulated until a fixed threshold is crossed. This account has been tested extensively against behavioral and neurophysiological data for decisions about consumer goods, perceptual stimuli, eyewitness testimony, memories, and dozens of other paradigms, with no systematic misfit between model and data. Recently, the standard model has been challenged by alternative accounts that assume that less evidence is required to trigger a decision as time passes. Such "collapsing boundaries" or "urgency signals" have gained popularity in some theoretical accounts of neurophysiology. Nevertheless, evidence in favor of these models is mixed, with support coming from only a narrow range of decision paradigms compared with a long history of support from dozens of paradigms for the standard theory. We conducted the first large-scale analysis of data from humans and nonhuman primates across three distinct paradigms using powerful model-selection methods to compare evidence for fixed versus collapsing bounds. Overall, we identified evidence in favor of the standard model with fixed decision boundaries. We further found that evidence for static or dynamic response boundaries may depend on specific paradigms or procedures, such as the extent of task practice. We conclude that the difficulty of selecting between collapsing and fixed bounds models has received insufficient attention in previous research, calling into question some previous results.