Why bioethics needs a concept of vulnerability
Why bioethics needs a concept of vulnerability
复制标题
为什么生物伦理学需要脆弱性的概念
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Dodds
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wendy Rogers;Catriona Mackenzie;S. Dodds
对人类脆弱性的关注似乎是生物伦理学研究的核心，但脆弱性的概念在生物伦理学文献中理论化不足。这篇文章的目的是要说明为什么生物伦理学需要一个充分的理论化和微妙的概念的脆弱性。我们首先回顾了研究伦理和公共卫生伦理中的脆弱性方法，并表明生物伦理文献将脆弱性与伤害和剥削的风险以及有限的自主能力联系起来。我们确定了一些挑战，从这个文献中出现的：特别是，如何调和普遍的人类脆弱性与特定类型和脆弱性的来源的上下文敏感的分析;以及如何调和义务，保护弱势群体的义务，尊重自主权。然后，我们简要地调查了哲学文献中的一些理论资源，以解决这些挑战，并帮助理解脆弱性和相关概念，如伤害，剥削，需求和自主权之间的概念联系。我们还勾勒出一个分类的来源和种类的脆弱性。最后，我们认为政策评估的影响，使脆弱性明确和生物伦理学的中心焦点。我们的调查是一个广泛的调查，激励研究议程的形式，而不是详细的分析。
Concern for human vulnerability seems to be at the heart of bioethical inquiry, but the concept of vulnerability is under-theorized in the bioethical literature. The aim of this article is to show why bioethics needs an adequately theorized and nuanced conception of vulnerability. We first review approaches to vulnerability in research ethics and public health ethics, and show that the bioethical literature associates vulnerability with risk of harm and exploitation, and limited capacity for autonomy. We identify some of the challenges emerging from this literature: in particular, how to reconcile universal human vulnerability with a context-sensitive analysis of specific kinds and sources of vulnerability; and how to reconcile obligations to protect vulnerable persons with obligations to respect autonomy. We then briefly survey some of the theoretical resources available within the philosophical literature to address these challenges, and to assist in understanding the conceptual connections between vulnerability and related concepts such as harm, exploitation, needs, and autonomy. We also sketch out a taxonomy of sources and kinds of vulnerability. Finally, we consider the implications for policy evaluation of making vulnerability an explicit and central focus of bioethics. Our investigation is in the form of a broad survey motivating a research agenda rather than a detailed analysis.