A cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between tobacco and alcohol outlet density and neighbourhood deprivation.
A cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between tobacco and alcohol outlet density and neighbourhood deprivation.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12889-015-2321-1
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发表时间：
2015-10-05
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Collin J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shortt NK;Tisch C;Pearce J;Mitchell R;Richardson EA;Hill S;Collin J
在烟草和酒精相关的危害方面存在着强烈的社会经济梯度。造成这种社会梯度的一个可能因素可能是在社会贫困地区更容易获得烟草和酒精。烟草和酒类销售点的密度增加不仅可能增加供应，而且还可能提高对烟草/酒类品牌的认识，创造一个竞争性的地方市场，降低产品成本，并影响与烟草和酒类消费有关的地方社会规范。本文探讨了酒精和烟草商店的密度和邻里水平的收入剥夺之间的关联。本文利用全国烟草零售商登记和酒类许可证数据，计算了整个苏格兰小社区每10，000人的酒类和烟草零售店密度。计算了按收入剥夺程度分组的街区的平均插座密度。出口密度和剥夺之间的关联进行了分析，采用单因素方差分析。社区剥夺与烟草（p <0.001）和非销售酒精（p <0.001）的出口之间存在正线性关系;社区中最贫困的五分之一社区的烟草和非销售酒精密度最高。相比之下，最贫困的五分之一人口的烟草密度以及非销售和销售酒精饮料的商店密度最低。酒精和烟草供应中明显的社会梯度可能是酒精和烟草相关疾病的社会梯度的一个促成因素。决策者在制定烟草和酒精控制政策时应考虑这些梯度。在制定更广泛的供应方干预措施时，应审查减少酒精和烟草产品的实际供应对公共卫生和健康不平等的潜在贡献。
There is a strong socio-economic gradient in both tobacco-and alcohol-related harm. One possible factor contributing to this social gradient may be greater availability of tobacco and alcohol in more socially-deprived areas. A higher density of tobacco and alcohol outlets is not only likely to increase supply but also to raise awareness of tobacco/alcohol brands, create a competitive local market that reduces product costs, and influence local social norms relating to tobacco and alcohol consumption. This paper examines the association between the density of alcohol and tobacco outlets and neighbourhood-level income deprivation. Using a national tobacco retailer register and alcohol licensing data this paper calculates the density of alcohol and tobacco retail outlets per 10,000 population for small neighbourhoods across the whole of Scotland. Average outlet density was calculated for neighbourhoods grouped by their level of income deprivation. Associations between outlet density and deprivation were analysed using one way analysis of variance. There was a positive linear relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and outlets for both tobacco (p <0.001) and off-sales alcohol (p <0.001); the most deprived quintile of neighbourhoods had the highest densities of both. In contrast, the least deprived quintile had the lowest density of tobacco and both off-sales and on-sales alcohol outlets. The social gradient evident in alcohol and tobacco supply may be a contributing factor to the social gradient in alcohol- and tobacco-related disease. Policymakers should consider such gradients when creating tobacco and alcohol control policies. The potential contribution to public health, and health inequalities, of reducing the physical availability of both alcohol and tobacco products should be examined in developing broader supply-side interventions.