Ocean acidification: knowns, unknowns, and perspectives
Ocean acidification: knowns, unknowns, and perspectives
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海洋酸化：已知、未知和前景
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
C. Turley
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作者：
J. Gattuso;J. Bijma;M. Gehlen;U. Riebesell;C. Turley
尽管海洋吸收 CO 2 引起的海水化学变化已为人所知数十年，但解决 CO 2 升高对海洋生物和生态系统影响的研究最近才开始（见第 1 章）。第一个针对生物体的有意实验结果发表于 20 世纪 80 年代中期 (Aegian 1985)，而针对社区的实验结果于 2000 年发表(Langdon 等人，2000 年；Leclercq 等人，2000 年)。相比之下，关注陆地植物群落响应的研究开始得更早，自由空气 CO 2 富集实验 (FACE) 的第一个结果于 20 世纪 60 年代末发表（参见 Allen 1992）。毫不奇怪，关于 CO 2 升高对海洋领域影响的了解落后于对陆地领域的影响。然而，海洋酸化可能会产生重大的生物、生态、生物地球化学和社会影响，决策者需要了解这些影响的程度和严重性，以便决定在设计未来政策时是否应考虑这些影响。本章的目标是通过强调已知和未知的内容来总结前面章节中提供的关键信息，识别和讨论面临最大风险的生态系统，并讨论未来研究的前景和建议。
Although the changes in the chemistry of seawater driven by the uptake of CO 2 by the oceans have been known for decades, research addressing the effects of elevated CO 2 on marine organisms and ecosystems has only started recently (see Chapter 1 ). The fi rst results of deliberate experiments on organisms were published in the mid 1980s ( Agegian 1985 ) and those on communities in 2000 ( Langdon e t al. 2000 ; Leclercq e t al. 2000 ). In contrast, studies focusing on the response of terrestrial plant communities began much earlier, with the fi rst results of free-air CO 2 enrichment experiments (FACE) being published in the late 1960s (see Allen 1992 ). Not surprisingly, knowledge about the effects of elevated CO 2 on the marine realm lags behind that concerning the terrestrial realm. Yet ocean acidifi cation might have signifi cant biological, ecological, biogeochemical, and societal implications and decision-makers need to know the extent and severity of these implications in order to decide whether they should be considered, or not, when designing future policies. The goals of this chapter are to summarize key information provided in the preceding chapters by highlighting what is known and what is unknown, identify and discuss the ecosystems that are most at risk, as well as discuss prospects and recommendation for future research.