Emerging role of Toll-like receptors in the control of pain and itch.
Emerging role of Toll-like receptors in the control of pain and itch.
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DOI：
10.1007/s12264-012-1219-5
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发表时间：
2012-04
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Ji, Ru-Rong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Tong;Gao, Yong-Jing;Ji, Ru-Rong
关键词：
Toll样受体（TLR）是由生殖细胞编码的模式识别受体（PRR），通过识别由广泛的病原体共享的分子结构来启动先天免疫应答，称为病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）。在组织损伤或细胞应激后，TLR还可以检测被称为细胞因子相关分子模式（DAMP）的内源性配体。TLR在中枢神经系统（CNS）中的各种细胞类型中表达，包括非神经元和神经元细胞，并且导致CNS中的感染性和非感染性病症。在组织损伤和神经损伤后，TLR（如TLR 2、3和4）诱导脊髓中小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的活化以及促炎细胞因子的产生，导致炎性疼痛和神经性疼痛的发展和维持。特别地，初级感觉神经元，如伤害感受器表达TLR（例如，TLR4和TLR7）来感知组织损伤和细胞应激后释放的外源性PAMP和内源性DAMP。这些神经元TLR通过增加初级感觉神经元的兴奋性而在疼痛和瘙痒的处理中是新的参与者。鉴于慢性疼痛和瘙痒的流行以及受影响人群的痛苦，对神经系统TLR信号传导的深入了解将为临床疼痛和瘙痒的管理开辟新的途径。
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to initiate innate immune responses by recognizing molecular structures shared by a wide range of pathogens, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). After tissue injury or cellular stress, TLRs can also detect endogenous ligands known as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). TLRs are expressed in various cell types in the central nervous system (CNS), including non-neuronal and neuronal cells, and contribute to both infectious and non-infectious disorders in the CNS. Following tissue insult and nerve injury, TLRs (such as TLR2, 3, and 4) induce the activation of microglia and astrocytes and the production of the proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord, leading to the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. In particular, primary sensory neurons, such as nociceptors express TLRs (e.g., TLR4 and TLR7) to sense exogenous PAMPs and endogenous DAMPs released after tissue injury and cellular stress. These neuronal TLRs are new players in the processing of pain and itch by increasing the excitability of primary sensory neurons. Given the prevalence of chronic pain and itch and the suffering of the affected people, insights into TLR signaling in nervous system will open a new avenue for the management of clinical pain and itch.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3295-09.2010
发表时间：
2010-01-13
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Clark AK;Staniland AA;Marchand F;Kaan TK;McMahon SB;Malcangio M
通讯作者：
Malcangio M
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Alexopoulou, L;Holt, AC;Flavell, RA
通讯作者：
Flavell, RA
影响因子：
37.8
作者：
Caso, Javier R.;Pradillo, Jesus M.;Lizasoain, Ignacio
通讯作者：
Lizasoain, Ignacio
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Gao, Yong-Jing;Ji, Ru-Rong
通讯作者：
Ji, Ru-Rong
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Diogenes, A.;Ferraz, C. C. R.;Hargreaves, K. M.
通讯作者：
Hargreaves, K. M.