ENERGY-STORAGE AND BALANCE OF PRODUCERS AND DECOMPOSERS IN ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS
ENERGY-STORAGE AND BALANCE OF PRODUCERS AND DECOMPOSERS IN ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS
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DOI：
10.2307/1932179
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发表时间：
1963-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
OLSON, JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
OLSON, JS
虽然生产植物所固定的一部分太阳能是通过这些植物和动物的呼吸释放出来的，但其中大部分储存在死亡的有机物中，直到分解的有机体释放出来，其释放速度因地而异。能量储存变化率的一般微分方程式由有机质的积累和分解模型说明，特别是落叶林或常绿森林中的凋落物。对于稳定生产和腐烂的情况，年凋落物生产量L与稳定状态下矿质土壤上的积累量Xss的比率提供了分解参数k的估计。估计范围从某些热带森林的4以上到亚高山森林的小于0.01。矿质土壤中有机质的分解率可能在0.01%到0.001之间。由于需要大约3/k年的时间才能达到其稳定水平的95%，许多生态系统在几个世纪内继续显示出正的净群落生产量[长冲刺]，也许在一些物种的数量和生物量的变化减少到围绕“高潮”组成的微小波动之后很久。另一方面，土壤条件的缓慢变化在某些情况下可能会在演替过程中延迟一段时间后促进新物种的引入。这些物种控制的生产力或分解参数的变化可能会导致随后一系列能量储存和释放的重新调整，从而改变凋落物和土壤条件。
While some fraction of the solar energy fixed by producing plants is released by respiration of these plants and of animals, much of it is stored in dead organic matter until released by decomposing organisms, at rates which vary greatly from place to place. The general differential equation for the rate of change in energy storage is illustrated by models for build-up and decomposition of organic matter, particularly for litter in deciduous or evergreen forests. For the case of steady production and decay, the ratio of annual litter production, L, to the amount accumulated on top of mineral soil in a steady state, Xss, provides estimates of the decomposition parameter k. Estimates range from over 4 in certain tropical forests to less than 0.01 in subalpine forests. Decomposition rates for organic matter within mineral soils may range from near 0.01 to 0.001. Since it takes a period of about 3/k years before storage has attained 95% of its steady-state level, many ecosystems continue to show a positive net community production for centuries[long dash]perhaps long after changes in numbers and biomass of some species are reduced to minor fluctuations around a "climax" composition. On the other hand, the slow change in soil conditions may in some case facilitate the introduction of new species after some delay during succession. The change in productivity or decomposition parameters controlled by these species may lead in turn to a series of later readjustments in energy storage and release, which modify litter and soil conditions.