Peer Attachment: A Meta-analytic Review of Gender and Age Differences and Associations with Parent Attachment
Peer Attachment: A Meta-analytic Review of Gender and Age Differences and Associations with Parent Attachment
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DOI：
10.1007/s10964-012-9759-6
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Ruggieri, Ruggero
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gorrese, Anna;Ruggieri, Ruggero
在青春期，同龄人是个人社交网络中的关键行为者。鉴于同伴关系的相关性和越来越多的文献研究他们，本文的目的是审查，通过元分析方法，依恋的理论框架内的青少年和青年同伴关系的研究。首先，我们综合了44项关于父母与同伴依恋关系的研究结果。其次，我们总结了54个研究报告的同伴依恋的性别差异的结果。第三，我们计算了19项研究中记录的年龄差异对同伴依恋的总体影响。主要研究结果强调，父母依恋是中度相关的同伴依恋，女性比男性更重视他们的同龄人，年龄和同伴依恋之间的相关性并不显着。这组研究结果得到了证实，既检查了整体的同伴依恋，也检查了依恋的具体方面，如信任和沟通。此外，由于在研究中发现了显著的异质性，我们测试了各种分类（即，年份和出版语言、国家、附件措施）和连续（即，样本的平均年龄和女性百分比，同伴依恋量表的项目数）与研究样本和设计特征相关的调节因子。这些研究结果对未来研究的影响进行了讨论。文化层面和同伴依恋过程的重点将是值得解决相关的研究问题：同伴关系如何逐步成为成熟的依恋关系？对于具有不同父母依恋历史的个体，这个过程是如何形成的？
In adolescence, peers represent key actors within individual social network. Given the relevance of peer connections and the growing literature examining them, the purpose of this article was to review, through a meta-analytic approach, studies on adolescent and youth peer relationships within the theoretical framework of attachment. First, we synthesized results of 44 studies focused on relationships between parent and peer attachment. Second, we summarized findings of 54 studies reporting gender differences on peer attachment. Third, we computed an overall effect for age differences on peer attachment documented in 19 studies. Main findings highlighted that parent attachment is moderately correlated to peer attachment; that females were significantly more attached to their peers than males; and that the correlation between age and peer attachment was not significant. This set of findings was confirmed examining both overall peer attachment as well as specific dimensions of attachment, such as trust and communication. Furthermore, since a significant heterogeneity was found across studies, we tested the effects of various categorical (i.e., year and language of publication, country, attachment measure) and continuous (i.e., mean age and percentage of females of the sample, number of items of the peer attachment scale) moderators related to characteristics of the study samples and designs. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed. A focus on cultural dimensions and on peer attachment processes would be worthwhile to address relevant research questions: How do peer relationships progressively become mature attachment relationships? How is this process shaped for individuals with different parent attachment histories?.