Some new forms of visual purple found in sea fishes with a note on the visual cells of origin
Some new forms of visual purple found in sea fishes with a note on the visual cells of origin
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1936.0025
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发表时间：
1936-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tansley, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bayliss, LE;Lythgoe, RJ;Tansley, K
使用角鲨、鳐鱼、淡水鳗鱼、龙鱼、濑鱼、鲽鱼、鲽鱼、明太鱼、海鳗、丁鲷、鳟鱼和鲂鱼的明暗适应眼睛的视网膜。组织学检查显示，除了一只角鲨标本外，软骨分支和海鳗视网膜仅具有杆状体。在所检查的其他物种中都存在视杆细胞和视锥细胞。给出了视觉细胞及其相关色素运动的细节。洋地黄皂苷提取的可见紫色的吸收光谱由专门构造的零点光电分光光度计测定，能够在 0.5 cc 上给出准确的结果。溶液，并且光强度不足以漂白视觉紫色。不同物种的吸收曲线的最大值不一致，位于505mμ(角鲨、鳗鱼、鲭鱼)和545mμ(鲂鱼)之间。差异可能部分归因于某些物种中存在两种形式的视觉紫色，因为在鳕鱼中，洋地黄皂苷提取物在 535 mμ 处显示最大吸收，水提取物在 525 mμ 处显示最大吸收，但来自鳟鱼的水和洋地黄皂苷提取物都给出相同的最大值。用作对照的漂白溶液逐渐失去黄色，从而导致其吸收曲线发生变化。一个物种的视觉紫色类型与视网膜中主要的视觉细胞类型、鱼类生活的深度或物种的关系之间没有发现相关性；也没有任何迹象表明深海鱼类有一种视觉紫色，特别适合通过水到达它们的光谱。
The retinae of light and dark adapted eyes of the dogfish, ray, fresh-water eel, dragonet, wrasse, plaice, dab, pollack, conger, tench, trout and gurnard were used. Histological examination showed the elasmo-branch and conger retinae to have rods only, except for one dogfish specimen. Both rods and cones were present in the other species examined. Details of the movements of the visual cells and their associated pigment are given. The absorption spectra of the digitonin-extracted visual purple were determined by a specially constructed null-point photoelectric spectro-photometer, capable of giving accurate results on 0.5 cc. solution, and with a light intensity insufficient to bleach visual purple. The maxima for the absorption curves of the different species were not coincident, lying between 505 m[mu] (dogfish, eel, mackerel) and 545 m[mu] (gurnard). The differences may be due in part to the presence of 2 forms of visual purple in some species, since in the pollack, the digitonin extract showed maximum absorption at 535 m[mu], a water extract at 525 m[mu], but both water and digitonin extracts from the trout gave the same maxima. Bleached solutions, used as controls, undergo a progressive loss of yellow color, which introduces alterations in their absorption curves. No correlation was found between the type of visual purple in a species and the type of visual cells predominating in the retina, the depth at which the fish lives, or the relationship of the species; nor was there any indication that deep sea fish have a type of visual purple specially adapted to the spectrum of the light reaching them through the water.