Wood Smoke Exposure Alters Human Inflammatory Responses to Viral Infection in a Sex-Specific Manner A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study
Wood Smoke Exposure Alters Human Inflammatory Responses to Viral Infection in a Sex-Specific Manner A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study
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DOI：
10.1164/rccm.201807-1287oc
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发表时间：
2019-04-15
影响因子：
24.7
通讯作者：
Jaspers, Ilona
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rebuli, Meghan E.;Speen, Adam M.;Jaspers, Ilona
理由：接触燃烧生物质产生的微粒是一个日益严重的全球健康问题。燃烧生物质，包括木材烟雾，与下呼吸道感染增加有关。目的：确定急性暴露于木材烟雾是否会改变对流感的鼻腔炎症反应。方法：健康年轻人（n = 39）被随机分配到暴露于木材烟雾的2小时受控室，暴露水平控制为颗粒数（木材烟雾颗粒[WSP]; 500 μ g/cm（3））或过滤空气，然后用活减毒流感病毒（LAIV）的疫苗剂量鼻接种。在暴露前（第0天）以及暴露后第1天和第2天进行鼻灌洗。鼻灌洗液细胞进行了分析，炎症基因表达谱，和无细胞液进行了测定cytokines. Measures和主要结果：只有IP-10蛋白水平的影响，抑制，WSP暴露在聚集体分析。随后的分析表明，暴露X性别的相互作用，促使额外的分析WSP和LAIV引起的变化，男性和女性。在基线时，不同性别之间的炎症相关基因表达谱不同（雄性大于雌性），LAIV接种后（女性大于男性），并且在WSP暴露后（雄性增加，雌性减少），表明WSP和LAN诱导的鼻粘膜抗病毒防御反应的变化以性别特异性方式发生。WSP暴露导致LAIV诱导的反应在聚合物分析中的最小修改。与此相反，分析WSP诱导的修改LAIV反应的性别分别暴露的性别特异性差异。这些数据突出表明，需要进行更多的研究，以了解性别特异性污染物引起的影响。
Rationale: Exposure to particulates from burning biomass is an increasing global health issue. Burning biomass, including wood smoke, is associated with increased lower respiratory infections.Objectives: To determine whether acute exposure to wood smoke modifies nasal inflammatory responses to influenza.Methods: Healthy young adults (n = 39) were randomized to a 2-hour controlled chamber exposure to wood smoke, where exposure levels were controlled to particulate number (wood smoke particles [WSP]; 500 mu g/cm(3)) or filtered air, followed by nasal inoculation with a vaccine dose of live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV). Nasal lavage was performed before exposure (Day 0) and on Days 1 and 2 after exposure. Nasal lavage fluid cells were analyzed for inflammatory gene expression profiles, and cell-free fluid was assayed for cytokines.Measurements and Main Results: Only IP-10 protein levels were affected, suppressed, by WSP exposure in aggregate analysis. Subsequent analysis indicated an exposure X sex interaction, prompting additional analyses of WSP- and LAIV-induced changes in males and females. Inflammation-related gene expression profiles differed between the sexes, at baseline (males greater than females), after LAIV inoculation (females greater than males), and after WSP exposure (increase in males and decrease in females), demonstrating that WSP- and LAN-induced changes in antiviral defense responses in the nasal mucosa occur in a sex-specific manner.Conclusions: WSP exposure resulted in minimal modification of LAIV-induced responses in aggregate analysis. In contrast, analyzing WSP-induced modification of LAIV responses in the sexes separately unmasked sex-specific differences in response to exposure. These data highlight the need for additional studies to understand sex-specific pollutant-induced effects.